First conditional: realistic future conditions and results

The idea

A common pattern is if + present simple, will + base verb. Use doesn't + base verb in a negative condition. The result can also use can, another suitable modal or an imperative. Clause order can change; normally put a comma after an initial condition.

Examples

• If the courier comes before we leave, we'll sign for the parcel.
• I'll lend you the ladder if you return it on Sunday.
• If the path is icy tomorrow, we won't use it.
• If you finish early, you can join us for lunch.
• If the café is full, where will we meet?
• Call me if the delivery doesn't arrive by four.

Watch out

In an ordinary future condition, use if the courier comes, not future will simply because the event is later. This is not a ban on every if + will in other meanings. When normally treats an event as expected, while if leaves its occurrence conditional.

Try it yourself

1. Choose the correct present form. If the courier ___ before we leave, we'll sign. (comes / come)

   Show answer or example answer

   comes

   Singular the courier takes present-simple comes.

2. Choose the correct form. If the path is icy, we won't ___ it. (use / uses)

   Show answer or example answer

   use

   After won't, use base-form use, without -s.

3. Read I'll lend you the ladder if you return it on Sunday. When must you return it under this arrangement? on Sunday / on Monday

   Show answer or example answer

   on Sunday

   The condition requires returning the ladder on Sunday. Monday is not the day agreed in this sentence.

Use it today

Plan what you will do if a café is full and if a delivery is late. Add one permission using can and one conditional instruction. State what happens only if the condition holds, rather than turning it into an unconditional promise.