A present reaction can concern an action already completed.

The idea

After a trigger such as me alegra que or dudo que, use the present subjunctive of haber plus an unchanged past participle: haya, hayas, haya, hayamos, hayáis, hayan.

Examples

  • Me alegra que hayas encontrado las llaves.I’m glad you found the keys.
  • Dudo que Marta haya leído el informe.I doubt Marta has read the report.
  • Es posible que los vecinos hayan salido temprano.The neighbors may have left early.
  • Nos sorprende que el tren haya llegado a tiempo.We are surprised the train arrived on time.
  • Espero que hayamos elegido una buena ruta.I hope we have chosen a good route.
  • Es una pena que Ana no haya podido venir.It is a pity Ana could not come.

Read-aloud uses a synthetic Spanish voice available on your device. Voice quality and availability vary; it does not assess your pronunciation.

Watch out

Do not use the indicative has escrito after a trigger requiring the subjunctive; participles such as escrito and vuelto can be irregular.

Try it yourself

  1. Complete the sentence with the present perfect subjunctive. Me alegra que tú ___ la carta. (escribir)

    Show answer or example answer

    hayas escrito

    Hayas escrito fits the subject tú and the irregular participle of escribir.

  2. Complete the sentence with the present perfect subjunctive. Es posible que ellos ___ ya. (volver)

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    hayan vuelto

    Hayan vuelto matches ellos and uses the irregular participle of volver.

  3. Complete the sentence with the present perfect subjunctive. Dudo que nosotros ___ el error. (ver)

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    hayamos visto

    Hayamos visto matches nosotros and uses the irregular participle of ver.

Use it today

Complete each sentence with the form that fits its subject.