Modal verbs add ability, necessity, permission or intention to another action. The modal is conjugated; the other verb usually stays in the infinitive.



The idea
In a normal main clause, the conjugated modal occupies the verb position and the infinitive comes at the end: Ich kann morgen kommen. Können expresses ability or possibility; müssen necessity; dürfen permission; wollen intention; sollen an instruction or expectation. Möchten is a common polite form for wishes. Learn the irregular singular forms as small groups.
| Infinitiv | ich | du | er/sie/es |
|---|---|---|---|
| können | kann | kannst | kann |
| müssen | muss | musst | muss |
| dürfen | darf | darfst | darf |
| wollen | will | willst | will |
| sollen | soll | sollst | soll |
With another infinitive, a modal uses an infinitive instead of a participle: hat arbeiten müssen. German double infinitive: hat arbeiten müssen
Examples
- Ich kann schwimmen.
- Du musst heute arbeiten.
- Wir dürfen hier sitzen.
- Sie will Deutsch lernen.
- Er soll den Arzt anrufen.
- Möchten Sie einen Tee?
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Watch out
Do not conjugate the second verb again. Say wir können kommen, not wir können kommt. The modal carries the person and number.
Try it yourself
Er ___ heute arbeiten. (müssen)
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muss
The third-person singular of müssen is muss.
Wir können morgen ___. (kommen)
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kommen
After können, the second verb remains the infinitive kommen.
___ ich hier sitzen? (dürfen)
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Darf
A permission question begins with the conjugated modal: Darf ich …?
Practice round
Answer three questions, then rebuild three German sentences. We keep your score.
Er ___ heute arbeiten. (müssen)
Wir können morgen ___. (kommen)
___ ich hier sitzen? (dürfen)
Tap the words in the right order.
Tap the words in the right order.
Tap the words in the right order.
Keep your progress
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Say one thing you can do, one thing you must do today, and one thing you would like. Keep the infinitive at the end when there is one.

