Abstract ideas with the neuter article
An adjective can name an abstract quality or useful aspect when it follows the Spanish neuter article.
Read and practiseAdventure journal
Spanish grammar
Explore essential Spanish grammar through clear explanations, contrasting examples and practical exercises.
Adventure journal
Spanish grammar
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Present subjunctive: tenga, haga and salga
Form Spanish present subjunctive forms of tener, hacer and salir after expressions of wishes and needs.
Read and practiseCause with an infinitive
A missed train can have a cause: connect an outcome to an action with the Spanish causal infinitive.
Read and practiseTime with the infinitive after al
An arrival or a discovery can mark the moment of another event: express this link in Spanish with an infinitive.
Read and practiseBefore an action with the same subject
A quick check can precede a departure: connect two actions by the same person in Spanish.
Read and practiseRegular negative tú commands
Tell one person not to do something in Spanish using no and regular present subjunctive tú forms.
Read and practiseAfter an action with the same subject
A glass of water can follow a swim: connect two actions by the same person in Spanish.
Read and practiseDoing something again in Spanish
A second attempt, a repeated call or another visit can be expressed with a short verb construction.
Read and practiseObject pronouns with affirmative and negative commands
Place Spanish direct-object pronouns with affirmative and negative tú commands and preserve written stress.
Read and practiseHow long without an action in the past
Describe how long an action had not happened at a particular point in the past, using a duration and an infinitive.
Read and practiseConditional for probability in the past
A late arrival or an unanswered call can prompt a conjecture about what was happening at a particular time in the past.
Read and practiseAccidental events with se me, se te and se nos
Describe unintended events in Spanish with se plus an affected-person pronoun and a verb agreeing with the thing involved.
Read and practisePresent probability with the future
A light is on and someone may be inside: Spanish can use the future tense to guess what is happening now.
Read and practiseFinding out and meeting in the preterite
A piece of news or a first encounter can change how Spanish past-tense verbs are understood in context.
Read and practiseRegular Spanish commands for ustedes
Learn affirmative and negative commands for a group addressed as ustedes, using regular -ar, -er and -ir verbs.
Read and practiseThe imperfect for polite requests
A past tense can soften a request made now: explore how Spanish speakers ask for help or express a wish politely.
Read and practisePast progressive: estar and a gerund
A snapshot of an action in progress in the past: combine the imperfect of estar with a Spanish gerund.
Read and practiseDonde and dónde: relative places and questions
Distinguish unaccented relative donde referring to a place from accented dónde in direct and indirect questions.
Read and practiseAn interruption in the past progressive
An ongoing action sets the scene when a completed event interrupts it; compare the two past forms in everyday situations.
Read and practiseThe Spanish passive with an agent
A letter can become the subject of a passive sentence; learn how the participle agrees and when to name its agent.
Read and practiseIrregular stems in the Spanish conditional
Learn conditional forms such as tendría, haría and vendría for hypothetical situations, using stems shared with the future.
Read and practiseCommands to a group with vosotros
In Spain, affirmative and negative group commands have different endings and place object pronouns in different positions.
Read and practiseReported speech with a present reporting verb
When someone reports a statement with a present reporting verb, adjust the person and possessive to match the speaker and context.
Read and practiseMientras and the imperfect: simultaneous past actions
Use mientras with imperfect forms to describe two actions unfolding at the same time in the past.
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