Spanish vowel pairs: país, aire and río
Compare syllable boundaries in Spanish país, aire and río and learn how a stressed í marks a hiatus in these examples.
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Spanish d between vowels: a softer sound
Recognize the often softer pronunciation of Spanish d between vowels in words such as dedo and comida.
Read and practiseSpanish b and v between vowels
Between vowels, Spanish b and v usually share a gentle sound made with the lips close together; spelling still matters.
Read and practiseSpanish g between vowels
Between vowels, Spanish g often becomes a gentle sound made without fully closing the back of the mouth.
Read and practiseSpanish n before p and b
At a word boundary, the sound of n adapts to the lips before p or b while the original spelling stays the same.
Read and practiseSpanish n before k and g
Before k and g sounds, the Spanish n moves to the back of the mouth, even across word boundaries in fluent speech.
Read and practiseLinking consonants to vowels in Spanish
A final consonant can flow into the next word when it begins with a vowel, making connected Spanish sound smooth and clear.
Read and practiseAdjacent vowels between Spanish words
Vowels at a Spanish word boundary can flow together in connected speech, while spelling and stress remain intact.
Read and practiseSpanish sentence stress and meaning
In a neutral sentence, nouns, verbs and adjectives often stand out, while short grammatical words usually remain less prominent.
Read and practiseList intonation in Spanish
A continuing pitch and a final fall make a spoken Spanish list easier to follow, as these written examples show.
Read and practiseIntonation in Spanish open questions
Questions beginning with an interrogative word often end with a falling pitch; context and regional speech can change the melody.
Read and practiseContrastive stress in Spanish sentences
A correction can shift the emphasis to the word that replaces an earlier assumption, making the intended contrast clear.
Read and practiseUncertainty in Spanish intonation
A tentative pitch can accompany doubt: explore how context and wording shape uncertain statements in Spanish.
Read and practisePolite request intonation in Spanish
A courteous request depends on wording, voice and context; explore written question pairs and practise a gentle delivery.
Read and practiseConfirming details with Spanish intonation
A repeated detail can become a request for confirmation through question intonation, with a pitch movement that depends on context.
Read and practiseRegional weakening of Spanish s
In many Spanish-speaking regions, a syllable-final s may sound like a breath or disappear; context helps listeners recover the meaning.
Read and practiseRhythm across Spanish phrases
Connected Spanish speech flows in meaningful groups; practise stress, linking and pauses while keeping every word clear.
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Spanish subject pronouns: yo, tú and more
Identify common Spanish subject pronouns and understand when a subject can be left unstated.
Read and practiseSer in the present tense: forms and examples
Conjugate Spanish ser in the present for identity and occupation, with examples, subject forms and exercises.
Read and practiseSpanish articles: el, la, un and una
Choose definite and indefinite Spanish articles by gender and number, with everyday examples and practice.
Read and practiseSpanish adjective agreement: gender and number
Learn how Spanish adjectives agree with nouns in gender and number through clear examples and exercises.
Read and practiseEstar in the present tense: location and state
Practise present-tense forms of estar to describe where someone is and how a person or thing feels or looks.
Read and practiseSer and estar: two ways to say “to be”
Learn when to use Spanish ser and estar for identity, origin, state and location, with examples and practice.
Read and practiseSpanish negation with no
Make simple Spanish sentences negative with no, including its position before a verb and an object pronoun.
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