Tú and usted: choosing how to address someone
A conversation with a friend or a stranger calls for a choice of address and a matching singular verb form.
Read and practiseAdventure journal
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Yes or no questions in Spanish
A simple statement can become a yes or no question with a change in intonation and written question marks.
Read and practisePossession with de
Show who owns an object or how people are related by placing de before the owner’s name in Spanish.
Read and practiseExpressing company with a noun
A companion can be named after a short Spanish preposition. Practise saying who joins an activity.
Read and practiseSpanish months and dates
January through December: name the months in Spanish and put a day and month together to give a date.
Read and practiseFirst, second and third in order
Put the first three Spanish ordinal numbers to work when describing the order of classes, floors and other things.
Read and practiseSpanish querer and poder with infinitives
Express what you want or can do with querer and poder, and learn their present-tense stem changes.
Read and practiseSpanish present progressive with estar
Describe actions in progress with estar and the gerund, including regular endings and leyendo.
Read and practiseSpanish direct object pronouns: lo, la, los and las
Replace a known direct object with lo, la, los or las and place the pronoun correctly in a Spanish sentence.
Read and practiseSpanish comparisons: más, menos and tan
Compare people and things in Spanish with más que, menos que and tan como through examples and exercises.
Read and practiseRegular -ar verbs in the Spanish preterite
Describe completed past events with regular Spanish -ar preterite forms, examples and exercises.
Read and practiseRegular -er and -ir verbs in the Spanish preterite
Use regular -er and -ir preterite endings to describe completed past events, with examples and practice.
Read and practiseIntroduction to the Spanish imperfect
Describe past habits, background and continuing situations with the Spanish imperfect and practical examples.
Read and practiseBasic Spanish connectors: y, pero and porque
Connect ideas with y, o, pero, porque and así que using practical Spanish examples.
Read and practiseExistence in the past: había and hubo
Describe what existed or happened in the past with Spanish había and hubo, and practise singular impersonal forms.
Read and practiseObject pronouns beside Spanish infinitives
A pronoun can move around a verb pair: compare the position before a conjugated verb with attachment to an infinitive.
Read and practiseSpanish a before an infinitive of purpose
Movement toward an activity uses a before the infinitive; practise saying where someone goes and what they go to do.
Read and practiseGeneral obligation with hay que
Express general necessity with hay que and an infinitive, and distinguish it from a named person’s obligation.
Read and practiseIrregular preterite: hacer, querer and venir
Completed events call for irregular preterite stems in three common Spanish verbs, with a special spelling in one form.
Read and practisePersonal obligation with tener que
Say who has to do something in Spanish with tener que, choosing the form of tener and an infinitive.
Read and practisePreterite forms of decir and traer
Irregular stems and endings make it possible to report what someone said or brought at a completed moment in the past.
Read and practiseRecent completion with acabar de
Describe a recently completed action in Spanish with acabar de and an infinitive.
Read and practisePreterite stem changes in Spanish -ir verbs
Third-person past forms such as pidió and durmieron change their stem, while other persons keep the infinitive stem.
Read and practisePersonal a before direct objects
Learn when Spanish uses personal a before a person as a direct object, with examples and contextual practice.
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