Doing something again in Spanish
A second attempt, a repeated call or another visit can be expressed with a short verb construction.
Read and practiseAdventure journal
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Object pronouns with affirmative and negative commands
Place Spanish direct-object pronouns with affirmative and negative tú commands and preserve written stress.
Read and practiseHow long without an action in the past
Describe how long an action had not happened at a particular point in the past, using a duration and an infinitive.
Read and practiseConditional for probability in the past
A late arrival or an unanswered call can prompt a conjecture about what was happening at a particular time in the past.
Read and practiseAccidental events with se me, se te and se nos
Describe unintended events in Spanish with se plus an affected-person pronoun and a verb agreeing with the thing involved.
Read and practisePresent probability with the future
A light is on and someone may be inside: Spanish can use the future tense to guess what is happening now.
Read and practiseFinding out and meeting in the preterite
A piece of news or a first encounter can change how Spanish past-tense verbs are understood in context.
Read and practiseRegular Spanish commands for ustedes
Learn affirmative and negative commands for a group addressed as ustedes, using regular -ar, -er and -ir verbs.
Read and practiseThe imperfect for polite requests
A past tense can soften a request made now: explore how Spanish speakers ask for help or express a wish politely.
Read and practisePast progressive: estar and a gerund
A snapshot of an action in progress in the past: combine the imperfect of estar with a Spanish gerund.
Read and practiseDonde and dónde: relative places and questions
Distinguish unaccented relative donde referring to a place from accented dónde in direct and indirect questions.
Read and practiseAn interruption in the past progressive
An ongoing action sets the scene when a completed event interrupts it; compare the two past forms in everyday situations.
Read and practiseThe Spanish passive with an agent
A letter can become the subject of a passive sentence; learn how the participle agrees and when to name its agent.
Read and practiseIrregular stems in the Spanish conditional
Learn conditional forms such as tendría, haría and vendría for hypothetical situations, using stems shared with the future.
Read and practiseCommands to a group with vosotros
In Spain, affirmative and negative group commands have different endings and place object pronouns in different positions.
Read and practiseReported speech with a present reporting verb
When someone reports a statement with a present reporting verb, adjust the person and possessive to match the speaker and context.
Read and practiseMientras and the imperfect: simultaneous past actions
Use mientras with imperfect forms to describe two actions unfolding at the same time in the past.
Read and practiseSpanish pluperfect: había plus past participle
Use the pluperfect to describe an action completed before a past reference point, with forms such as había salido.
Read and practiseCreo que and no creo que: indicative and subjunctive
Compare affirmative creo que with negative no creo que and practise choosing indicative or subjunctive in these Spanish statements.
Read and practiseSpanish subjunctive after es importante que
Use present subjunctive after es importante que, es necesario que and es mejor que to express an assessment of an action.
Read and practiseAffirmative vos commands in Rioplatense Spanish
Recognize common affirmative vos commands such as hablá, comé and escribí, and compare them with familiar tú forms.
Read and practiseStem changes in Spanish present subjunctive: pensar and poder
Practise e-to-ie and o-to-ue stem changes in selected -ar and -er subjunctive forms, including pienses and puedas.
Read and practiseReflexive pronouns with Spanish infinitives and gerunds
Place reflexive pronouns before a conjugated verb or attach them to an infinitive or gerund in common Spanish constructions.
Read and practiseLlevar plus duration and gerund in Spanish
Use llevar plus a duration and a gerund to say how long an activity has continued up to the present.
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