hapşırmak: describing a sneeze

The idea

Keep the stem hapşır- in hapşırıyor, hapşırdı and hapşıracak. After voiced r, the past begins with d. The stem vowel is dotless ı.

Examples

• Ben şimdi arka arkaya hapşırıyorum.I am sneezing repeatedly now.
• Annem salonda iki kez hapşırdı.My mother sneezed twice in the living room.
• Birazdan yine hapşıracağım.I am going to sneeze again shortly.
• Az önce hapşırdın mı?Did you sneeze just now?
• Bugün hiç hapşırmadım.I have not sneezed at all today.
• Babam hapşırdı, ben öksürdüm.My father sneezed, and I coughed.

Watch out

A sneeze is hapşırmak, while a cough is öksürmek. Do not replace one action with the other in a translation.

Try it yourself

1. Complete in the present continuous: Ben şimdi arka arkaya ___. (hapşırmak)

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   hapşırıyorum

   hapşırıyorum: şimdi gives the present, and ben requires the speaker ending.

2. Complete in the definite past (-di): Annem az önce iki kez ___. (hapşırmak)

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   hapşırdı

   hapşırdı: the mother is third person, so the past has no extra person suffix.

3. Complete in the future tense: Ben birazdan yine ___. (hapşırmak)

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   hapşıracağım

   hapşıracağım: the action is about to occur; future k softens to ğ before the first-person vowel.

Use it today

Write who sneezed in a past scene and who is sneezing in the same place now.