You will choose the vowel of a suffix by looking at the last vowel of the word. The suffix pages list the exact endings; this page owns the rule.
The idea
Look at the last vowel of the word. A two-way suffix such as the plural has e after the front vowels e i ö ü and a after the back vowels a ı o u. A four-way suffix such as -im ("my") has i after e i, ü after ö ü, ı after a ı and u after o u.
| Last vowel | Plural | Word | “My” | Word |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| a | -lar | çaylar | -ım | çayım |
| ı | -lar | kızlar | -ım | kızım |
| o | -lar | yollar | -um | yolum |
| u | -lar | okullar | -um | okulum |
| e | -ler | evler | -im | evim |
| i | -ler | dişler | -im | dişim |
| ö | -ler | gözler | -üm | gözüm |
| ü | -ler | günler | -üm | günüm |
Examples
- Çocuklar evde, öğretmenler okulda.The children are at home, the teachers are at school.
- Ben yolda çay içiyorum.I am drinking tea on the way.
- Gözlerim ve dişlerim ağrıyor.My eyes and my teeth hurt.
- okullardain the schoolsokullar-ler / -lar: the plural suffixda-de / -da / -te / -ta: in, at, on
- gözlerimmy eyesgözler-ler / -lar: the plural suffixim-im / -ım / -um / -üm / -m: my
- sınıflarımızdain our classroomssınıflar-ler / -lar: the plural suffixımız-imiz / -ımız / -umuz / -ümüz: ourda-de / -da / -te / -ta: in, at, on
- saatlerhourssaatler-ler / -lar: the plural suffixsaat is an exception: its last vowel is a, yet the plural is saatler.
- okulummy schoolokulum-im / -ım / -um / -üm / -m: my
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Watch out
Some borrowed words break the pattern: saat (hour) ends in a back vowel but takes front suffixes, so its plural is saatler, not saatlar.
Try it yourself
Add the ending for “my” to göz (eye).
Show answer or example answer
gözüm
gözüm: the last vowel is ö, front and rounded, so the ending is -üm.
Make the plural of saat (hour).
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saatler
saatler: this borrowed word is an exception and takes front suffixes.
Make the plural of diş (tooth).
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dişler
dişler: the last vowel is i, a front vowel, so the plural takes e.
Practice round
Answer questions, then rebuild Turkish sentences and words where available. We keep your score.
Add the ending for “my” to göz (eye).
Make the plural of saat (hour).
Make the plural of diş (tooth).
Tap the words in the right order.
Tap the words in the right order.
Tap the words in the right order.
Tap the parts in order to build this word: in the schools
Tap the parts in order to build this word: my eyes
Keep your progress
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Take six words from the room around you, add the plural and -im to each, and say the last vowel before you choose.