Japanese 立つ: stand up or take a standing position

The idea

立たつ is a godan verb: つ becomes ちます in the polite form and って in the て form. 立たちません is polite negative and 立たちました is polite past; the non-past can describe a habit or the future. に marks where someone takes a position. 立たっています normally means being in the standing state.

Examples

• わたしはドアの前まえに立たちます。I stand in front of the door.
• 今日きょうはここには立たちません。I will not stand here today.
• 昨日きのう、先生せんせいが立たちました。The teacher stood up yesterday.
• どうぞそこに立たってください。Please stand there.
• 男おとこの人ひとが駅えきの前まえに立たっています。A man is standing in front of the station.
• 電車でんしゃの中なかでわたしは立たっています。I am standing inside the train.

Watch out

The dictionary form 立たつ is plain speech. In polite conversation use 立たちます; the て form is 立たって, not the dictionary form plus て.

Try it yourself

1. わたしはドアの前まえに＿。（立たつ→ます）

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   立ちます

   立たちます is the polite non-past of 立たつ; context tells whether it describes a habit or a future action.

2. ＿。（立たつ→て）

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   立って

   立たって is the て form of 立たつ. It can join clauses or precede ください in a request.

3. ドアの前まえ＿立たちます。（に／を）

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   に

   に marks the position where a person sits down or stands.

Use it today

Make a new sentence with 立たつ. Change it to the polite past and identify its particle, then compare it with the table.