閉める: closing something. The examples use polite Japanese in everyday situations.
The idea
閉める is an ichidan verb: remove final る before adding ます or て. The polite non-past, negative and past forms are 閉めます、閉めません、閉めました. The て form is 閉めて. The thing affected by the action can be marked by を.
| Dictionary form | Polite non-past | Polite negative | Polite past | て form |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 閉める | 閉めます | 閉めません | 閉めました | 閉めて |
Examples
- ドアを静かに閉めてください。Please close the door quietly.
- 夜、窓を閉めます。I close the window at night.
- 水を飲んでから、ふたを閉めました。After drinking water, I closed the lid.
- 店を八時に閉めます。I close the shop at eight.
- 出かける前にカーテンを閉めます。I close the curtains before going out.
- まだこの箱を閉めません。I will not close this box yet.
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Watch out
閉める describes an action on something; its intransitive partner 閉まる describes the change.
Try it yourself
（閉める→ます）＿
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閉めます
閉めます is the polite non-past form; context can indicate a habit or a future event.
（閉める→て）＿
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閉めて
閉めて is the て form; it can connect clauses.
窓＿閉めます。（が／を）
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を
を marks the direct object of the action.
Practice round
Answer questions, then rebuild Japanese sentences where available. We keep your score.
（閉める→ます）＿
（閉める→て）＿
窓＿閉めます。（が／を）
Tap the words in the right order.
Tap the words in the right order.
Tap the words in the right order.
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Make an original sentence, change it to the polite past and identify its particle. Compare your sentence with the examples.