You will build the main forms of kapı and choose the joining consonant that an ending needs after a final vowel.
The idea
kapı ends in the vowel ı, so an ending that starts with a vowel needs a joining consonant: y for the accusative and dative (kapıyı, kapıya), and -nın for the genitive (kapının). Unlike kitap, the word itself never changes. The back vowel gives -yı and -ya. Endings that start with a consonant attach directly: kapılar, kapıda, kapıdan. After the possessive -sı (kapısı, its door) the case ending takes an n: kapısına, kapısında.
| Ending | Form | Joining sound |
|---|---|---|
| - | kapı | — |
| -lar | kapılar | — |
| -yı | kapıyı | y |
| -ya | kapıya | y |
| -da | kapıda | — |
| -dan | kapıdan | — |
| -nın | kapının | n |
| -m | kapım | — |
| -mız | kapımız | — |
| -sı | kapısı | s |
| -sına | kapısına | n |
Examples
- Ben kapıyı açıyorum.I am opening the door.The word ends in a vowel, so the accusative borrows a joining y: kapı + yı. The pronoun ben may be dropped: Kapıyı açıyorum.
- Kapıya bir not yapıştırdım.I stuck a note on the door.The dative also needs y after a final vowel, and the back vowel gives -ya, not -ye: kapıya.
- Kapının arkasında bir kedi var.There is a cat behind the door.Kapının is the genitive, and arka takes the possessive -sı. The case ending -da then follows a joining n: arkasında.
- Evimizin kapısı yeşil.Our house's door is green.
- Misafirler arka kapıdan çıktı.The guests left through the back door.
- kapıyıthe door (as object)kapıyBuffer -y-: the y that joins vowelsı-i / -ı / -u / -ü: marking the definite object
- kapılarımızour doorskapılar-ler / -lar: the plural suffixımız-imiz / -ımız / -umuz / -ümüz: our
- kapısındanfrom its doorkapısı-i / -si: his, her, itsnBuffer -n-: evinde, evinden, evinedan-den / -dan / -ten / -tan: from, out of
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Watch out
Do not simply add the vowel as you would after a consonant: kapıa and kapıı are wrong, and the forms are kapıya and kapıyı. After -sı the joining sound is n, not y: kapısına, not kapısıya.
Try it yourself
Add the accusative to kapı (door): the door as an object.
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kapıyı
kapıyı: kapı ends in a vowel, so the accusative -ı cannot sit directly on it and borrows a y; the back vowel ı stays.
Add the dative to kapı (door): to the door.
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kapıya
kapıya: the dative is -a after a back vowel, and the final ı forces a joining y, giving -ya, not -ye.
Add the possessive ending to kapı so that it means the house's door: Evin ___.
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kapısı
kapısı: this is the possessive 'his/her/its', and after a vowel it is -sı instead of -ı, which is why a house's door is evin kapısı.
Make 'our doors' from kapı (door): plural first, then 'our'.
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kapılarımız
kapılarımız: the plural comes first (-lar, back vowel), then -ımız; because -lar ends in a consonant, -ımız needs no joining sound.
Practice round
Answer questions, then rebuild Turkish sentences and words where available. We keep your score.
Add the accusative to kapı (door): the door as an object.
Add the dative to kapı (door): to the door.
Add the possessive ending to kapı so that it means the house's door: Evin ___.
Make 'our doors' from kapı (door): plural first, then 'our'.
Tap the words in the right order.
Tap the words in the right order.
Tap the words in the right order.
Tap the parts in order to build this word: the door (as object)
Tap the parts in order to build this word: our doors
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Write four sentences about doors at home or at school: one with the door as an object (kapıyı), one with 'to the door' (kapıya), one with kapısı, and one with its door plus a case ending. Underline each joining consonant.