You will say where someone or something comes from, and pick the right one of four shapes, including the extra n after a third-person possessive.
The idea
The ablative marks the place or source something moves away from: okuldan, Ankara'dan, işten. The vowel is e after e i ö ü and a after a ı o u. The consonant is d after a voiced sound and t after a voiceless one, one of ç f h k p s ş t. The suffix starts with a consonant, so the stem does not change: kitaptan.
| Last vowel | After a voiced sound | Example | After a voiceless sound | Example |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| a | -dan | masadan | -tan | kitaptan |
| ı | -dan | kapıdan | -tan | sınıftan |
| o | -dan | yoldan | -tan | tosttan |
| u | -dan | okuldan | -tan | koltuktan |
| e | -den | evden | -ten | sepetten |
| i | -den | kediden | -ten | işten |
| ö | -den | gözden | -ten | çöpten |
| ü | -den | günden | -ten | düşten |
Examples
- Babam işten geç geliyor.My father is coming home late from work.
- Misafirlerimiz yarın Bursa'dan geliyor.Our guests are coming from Bursa tomorrow.
- Kedi masadan iniyor.The cat is getting down from the table.
- evindenfrom his or her houseevi-i / -si: his, her, itsnBuffer -n-: evinde, evinden, evineden-den / -dan / -ten / -tan: from, out ofCompare evden, which only means from the house. The third-person ending -i is followed by a buffer n before the ablative, so it is evinden. After -m (my) there is no n: çantamdan.
- çantamdanfrom my bagçantam-im / -ım / -um / -üm / -m: mydan-den / -dan / -ten / -tan: from, out of
- okullarımızdanfrom our schoolsokullar-ler / -lar: the plural suffixımız-imiz / -ımız / -umuz / -ümüz: ourdan-den / -dan / -ten / -tan: from, out of
- Ankara'danfrom AnkaraAnkara'dan-den / -dan / -ten / -tan: from, out of
- kitaptanfrom the bookThe p stays p. The ablative begins with a consonant, so the stem does not soften; softening (kitabı) happens only before a vowel suffix.
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Watch out
After the third-person possessive (-i, -si) the ablative takes an extra n: evinden means from his or her house, while evden means from the house. The other persons have no n: çantamdan, okullarımızdan.
Try it yourself
Add the ablative to kapı (door): from the door.
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kapıdan
kapıdan: the last vowel ı is back and the word ends in a vowel, a voiced sound, so the ending is -dan.
Add the ablative to iş (work): from work.
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işten
işten: ş is voiceless, so the suffix starts with t, and the front vowel i gives -ten.
Add the ablative to İzmir (city): from Izmir.
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İzmir'den
İzmir'den: the apostrophe follows the proper name; r is voiced and the last vowel i is front, so -den.
Say from his or her house: to ev (house) add the ending for his or her, then the ablative.
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evinden
evinden: -i is the ending for his or her, and the suffix after it needs the buffer n, so -nden; without that n it would mean from the house.
Practice round
Answer questions, then rebuild Turkish sentences and words where available. We keep your score.
Add the ablative to kapı (door): from the door.
Add the ablative to iş (work): from work.
Add the ablative to İzmir (city): from Izmir.
Say from his or her house: to ev (house) add the ending for his or her, then the ablative.
Tap the words in the right order.
Tap the words in the right order.
Tap the words in the right order.
Tap the parts in order to build this word: from his or her house
Tap the parts in order to build this word: from my bag
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Write three sentences about where your family and friends come from or leave from. Use a third-person possessive in one of them.