Use 分かる for understanding and 知る for knowing a fact or person. The context tells you which sense is intended.

The idea

An understood thing commonly takes が: 意味が分かります. A known person or fact commonly takes を: 田中さんを知っています. 知っています describes knowledge you already have; 知りました describes learning something. In a negative answer, 知りません is the usual form.

Patterns to compare
JapaneseMeaning
分わかりますunderstand
知しっていますknow already
知しりませんdo not know

Examples

  • 私わたしは日本語にほんごが少すこし分わかります。I understand a little Japanese.
  • この質問しつもんの意味いみが分わかりません。I do not understand the meaning of this question.
  • 説明せつめいを聞きいて、道みちが分わかりました。After hearing the explanation, I understood the way.
  • 私わたしは田中たなかさんを知しっています。I know Ms Tanaka.
  • あの駅えきの名前なまえを知しっていますか。Do you know the name of that station?
  • いいえ、その名前なまえは知しりません。No, I do not know that name.

Read-aloud uses a synthetic Japanese voice available on your device. Voice quality and availability vary; it does not assess your pronunciation.

Watch out

English “know” can translate both verbs. Do not infer the Japanese particle or form from the English word alone.

Try it yourself

  1. After an explanation, choose the form meaning “understood the meaning”. 説明せつめいを聞きいて、意味いみが_。(分わかりました/知しりました)

    Show answer or example answer

    分かりました

    Meaning is marked by が, and 分かりました expresses understanding after the explanation.

  2. Choose the form for knowing Ms Tanaka. 田中たなかさんを_か。(知しっています/分わかります)

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    知っています

    A person known to you takes を and 知っています describes existing knowledge.

  3. Answer that you do not know the name. その名前なまえを知しっていますか。いいえ、_。(知しりません/知しっていません)

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    知りません

    知りません is the usual negative for not knowing a fact.

Use it today

Name one thing you understand and one person or fact you know. Ask a partner a question and give a negative answer.