Use 分かる for understanding and 知る for knowing a fact or person. The context tells you which sense is intended.
The idea
An understood thing commonly takes が: 意味が分かります. A known person or fact commonly takes を: 田中さんを知っています. 知っています describes knowledge you already have; 知りました describes learning something. In a negative answer, 知りません is the usual form.
| Japanese | Meaning |
|---|---|
| 分かります | understand |
| 知っています | know already |
| 知りません | do not know |
Examples
- 私は日本語が少し分かります。I understand a little Japanese.
- この質問の意味が分かりません。I do not understand the meaning of this question.
- 説明を聞いて、道が分かりました。After hearing the explanation, I understood the way.
- 私は田中さんを知っています。I know Ms Tanaka.
- あの駅の名前を知っていますか。Do you know the name of that station?
- いいえ、その名前は知りません。No, I do not know that name.
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Watch out
English “know” can translate both verbs. Do not infer the Japanese particle or form from the English word alone.
Try it yourself
After an explanation, choose the form meaning “understood the meaning”. 説明を聞いて、意味が_。(分かりました/知りました)
Show answer or example answer
分かりました
Meaning is marked by が, and 分かりました expresses understanding after the explanation.
Choose the form for knowing Ms Tanaka. 田中さんを_か。(知っています/分かります)
Show answer or example answer
知っています
A person known to you takes を and 知っています describes existing knowledge.
Answer that you do not know the name. その名前を知っていますか。いいえ、_。(知りません/知っていません)
Show answer or example answer
知りません
知りません is the usual negative for not knowing a fact.
Practice round
Answer questions, then rebuild Japanese sentences where available. We keep your score.
After an explanation, choose the form meaning “understood the meaning”. 説明を聞いて、意味が_。(分かりました/知りました)
Choose the form for knowing Ms Tanaka. 田中さんを_か。(知っています/分かります)
Answer that you do not know the name. その名前を知っていますか。いいえ、_。(知りません/知っていません)
Tap the words in the right order.
Tap the words in the right order.
Tap the words in the right order.
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Name one thing you understand and one person or fact you know. Ask a partner a question and give a negative answer.

