知る concerns learning a fact or knowing a person or place.

The idea

知る concerns learning a fact or knowing a person or place. This is a godan verb: 知る becomes 知ります in polite speech and 知って in the て form. The table also shows the polite negative and past. An understood thing commonly takes が: 意味が分かります. A known person or fact commonly takes を: 田中さんを知っています. 知っています describes knowledge you already have; 知りました describes learning something. In a negative answer, 知りません is the usual form. 知ります can describe coming to know; 知っています normally describes knowledge already held. 知りません is the usual negative, and 知りました describes learning something.

Patterns to compare
Dictionary formPolite non-pastPolite negativePolite pastて form
知しる知しります知しりません知しりました知しって

Examples

  • 私わたしは田中たなかさんを知しっています。I know Ms Tanaka.
  • あの駅えきの名前なまえを知しっていますか。Do you know the name of that station?
  • いいえ、その名前なまえは知しりません。No, I do not know that name.
  • 昨日きのう、そのことを知しりました。I learned about that yesterday.
  • 私わたしもその人ひとを知しりません。I do not know that person either.
  • 友達ともだちはこの店みせを知しっています。My friend knows this shop.

Read-aloud uses a synthetic Japanese voice available on your device. Voice quality and availability vary; it does not assess your pronunciation.

Watch out

English “know” can translate both verbs. Do not infer the Japanese particle or form from the English word alone.

Try it yourself

  1. Choose the form for knowing Ms Tanaka. 田中たなかさんを_か。(知しっています/分わかります)

    Show answer or example answer

    知っています

    A person known to you takes を and 知っています describes existing knowledge.

  2. Answer that you do not know the name. その名前なまえを知しっていますか。いいえ、_。(知しりません/知しっていません)

    Show answer or example answer

    知りません

    知りません is the usual negative for not knowing a fact.

  3. 昨日きのう、そのことを_。(知しる→ます・過去かこ)

    Show answer or example answer

    知りました

    知りました is the polite past and here means that the information was learned.

Use it today

Make two sentences with this verb, one negative; check their forms against the table.