知る concerns learning a fact or knowing a person or place.
The idea
知る concerns learning a fact or knowing a person or place. This is a godan verb: 知る becomes 知ります in polite speech and 知って in the て form. The table also shows the polite negative and past. An understood thing commonly takes が: 意味が分かります. A known person or fact commonly takes を: 田中さんを知っています. 知っています describes knowledge you already have; 知りました describes learning something. In a negative answer, 知りません is the usual form. 知ります can describe coming to know; 知っています normally describes knowledge already held. 知りません is the usual negative, and 知りました describes learning something.
| Dictionary form | Polite non-past | Polite negative | Polite past | て form |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 知る | 知ります | 知りません | 知りました | 知って |
Examples
- 私は田中さんを知っています。I know Ms Tanaka.
- あの駅の名前を知っていますか。Do you know the name of that station?
- いいえ、その名前は知りません。No, I do not know that name.
- 昨日、そのことを知りました。I learned about that yesterday.
- 私もその人を知りません。I do not know that person either.
- 友達はこの店を知っています。My friend knows this shop.
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Watch out
English “know” can translate both verbs. Do not infer the Japanese particle or form from the English word alone.
Try it yourself
Choose the form for knowing Ms Tanaka. 田中さんを_か。(知っています/分かります)
Show answer or example answer
知っています
A person known to you takes を and 知っています describes existing knowledge.
Answer that you do not know the name. その名前を知っていますか。いいえ、_。(知りません/知っていません)
Show answer or example answer
知りません
知りません is the usual negative for not knowing a fact.
昨日、そのことを_。(知る→ます・過去)
Show answer or example answer
知りました
知りました is the polite past and here means that the information was learned.
Practice round
Answer questions, then rebuild Japanese sentences where available. We keep your score.
Choose the form for knowing Ms Tanaka. 田中さんを_か。(知っています/分かります)
Answer that you do not know the name. その名前を知っていますか。いいえ、_。(知りません/知っていません)
昨日、そのことを_。(知る→ます・過去)
Tap the words in the right order.
Tap the words in the right order.
Tap the words in the right order.
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Make two sentences with this verb, one negative; check their forms against the table.

