You will join two words or two sentences with ve, ama or veya, and give a reason with çünkü.
The idea
Ve ("and") joins things of the same kind: ekmek ve peynir. Ama ("but") adds a contrast: güzel ama rüzgârlı. Veya or ya da ("or") offers a choice: evde veya işte. Çünkü ("because") introduces the reason and usually follows the main clause: Eve gidiyorum çünkü yağmur yağıyor. All four are separate words with no endings. In a list, commas separate the items and ve stands only before the last one: elma, armut ve muz.
| Word | Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|
| ve | and | çay ve simit |
| ama | but | ucuz ama güzel |
| veya / ya da | or | bugün veya yarın |
| çünkü | because | çünkü hava soğuk |
Examples
- Bugün hava güzel ama rüzgârlı.The weather is nice today but windy.ama joins two adjectives that pull against each other and stays a separate word: güzel ama rüzgârlı.
- Ben ekmek ve peynir alıyorum.I am buying bread and cheese.
- Ahmet şimdi evde veya işte.Ahmet is at home or at work now.
- Eve gidiyorum çünkü yağmur yağıyor.I am going home because it is raining.
- Ali ve Ayşe geliyorlar.Ali and Ayşe are coming.
- Ali de geliyor.Ali is coming too.de is a separate word meaning "too", not "and". To join two names use ve: Ali ve Ayşe.
- Masada elma, armut ve muz var.There is an apple, a pear and a banana on the table.In a list, commas separate the items and ve stands only before the last one.
- Ben çay içiyorum ama annem kahve içiyor.I am drinking tea, but my mother is drinking coffee.
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Watch out
Do not translate "and" with de/da: Ali de geliyor means "Ali is coming too". And unlike English you do not open with the reason: çünkü stands right before the reason clause, which usually comes second, and its verb keeps its normal ending.
Try it yourself
Fill the gap: The weather is cold but sunny.
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ama
ama: cold and sunny pull in different directions, so the gap needs the word for contrast.
Fill the gap: There are a notebook and a pen in my bag.
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ve
ve: a notebook and a pen are two things of the same kind lying together, so ve joins them.
Fill the gap: In the evenings I read a book or watch a film.
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veya / ya da
veya or ya da: you do one of the two in the evening, not both, so the word offers a choice.
Fill the gap: I am taking an umbrella because it is raining.
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çünkü
çünkü: the rain is the reason for the umbrella, and çünkü stands right before the reason.
Practice round
Answer questions, then rebuild Turkish sentences and words where available. We keep your score.
Fill the gap: The weather is cold but sunny.
Fill the gap: There are a notebook and a pen in my bag.
Fill the gap: In the evenings I read a book or watch a film.
veya / ya da
Fill the gap: I am taking an umbrella because it is raining.
Tap the words in the right order.
Tap the words in the right order.
Tap the words in the right order.
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Write four sentences about your day, one with each of ve, ama, veya and çünkü.