Use familiar verb stems to understand words for states and results: kırık means broken, while sökük can name a seam that has come undone. Learn each word with its meaning.
The idea
This derivational suffix forms established nouns and adjectives from verbs. Its vowel follows the last stem vowel: a/ı → -ık, e/i → -ik, o/u → -uk, ö/ü → -ük. Compare aç- → açık (open), kes- → kesik (cut), boz- → bozuk (faulty), sök- → sökük (unstitched). Noun uses take plural and case endings: kesikler means cuts. Before a vowel-initial ending, the final k in these derived words becomes ğ: sökük → söküğü.
| Last stem vowel | Suffix | Verb stem | Derived word |
|---|---|---|---|
| a, ı | -ık | aç- / kır- | açık / kırık |
| e, i | -ik | kes- | kesik |
| o, u | -uk | boz- | bozuk |
| ö, ü | -ük | sök- | sökük |
Examples
- Bu tabak zaten kırık.This plate is already broken.
- Bu makine bugün bozuk.This machine is out of order today.
- Cekette iki sökük var.There are two unstitched seams in the jacket.
- kırıklarbroken pieceskırık-ık / -ik / -uk / -ük: derived nouns and adjectiveslar-ler / -lar: the plural suffix
- kesiklercuts (wounds)kesik-ık / -ik / -uk / -ük: derived nouns and adjectivesler-ler / -lar: the plural suffix
- söküklerunstitched seamssökük-ık / -ik / -uk / -ük: derived nouns and adjectivesler-ler / -lar: the plural suffix
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Watch out
Do not treat this as a past-tense ending you can attach to every verb. Tabak kırık describes a broken plate; Tabak kırıldı reports that it broke. A state need not be permanent: a bozuk machine may be repaired.
Try it yourself
Complete with the adjective from kır- (break): the plate is broken.
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kırık
kırık: the plate is in a broken state; kırdı would report that someone broke something. The dotless vowel preserves the sound of kır-.
Form the adjective from kes- (cut): this rope is cut.
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kesik
kesik: the stem kes- has e, so the derived adjective has i. Here it describes the rope as cut; it does not name the act of cutting.
Form the adjective from boz- (spoil, put out of order): the machine is faulty.
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bozuk
bozuk: the last stem vowel is rounded o, so the suffix needs u. With a machine, the word means faulty or out of order.
Put sökük in the accusative: the tailor sewed up the unstitched seam.
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söküğü
söküğü: the seam is a specific object of dikti, so sökük takes accusative -ü. That vowel makes the final k change to ğ.
Practice round
Answer questions, then rebuild Turkish sentences and words where available. We keep your score.
Complete with the adjective from kır- (break): the plate is broken.
Form the adjective from kes- (cut): this rope is cut.
Form the adjective from boz- (spoil, put out of order): the machine is faulty.
Put sökük in the accusative: the tailor sewed up the unstitched seam.
Tap the words in the right order.
Tap the words in the right order.
Tap the words in the right order.
Tap the parts in order to build this word: broken pieces
Tap the parts in order to build this word: cuts (wounds)
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Describe three objects using words from the table. Then use sökük as a noun in a sentence about sewing and mark the change before the accusative ending.