Japanese dates may use Gregorian years or an era name followed by a year.

The idea

西暦(せいれき) is the Gregorian year; 元号(げんごう) is an era name. The first year is written 元年(がんねん). Reiwa began on 1 May 2019, so 令和元年 covers the rest of 2019; 令和二年 is 2020. For later Reiwa years, add the year number to 2018. 平成三十年 is 2018.

Patterns to compare
Gregorian dateEra year
2019-01-01〜2019-04-30平成へいせい三十一年さんじゅういちねん
2019-05-01〜2019-12-31令和れいわ元年がんねん
2020令和れいわ二年にねん
2023令和れいわ五年ごねん
2024令和れいわ六年ろくねん

Examples

  • 令和れいわは二千十九年にせんじゅうきゅうねん五月ごがつ一日ついたちに始はじまりました。Reiwa began on May 1, 2019.
  • 令和れいわ元年がんねんの秋あきに日本にほんへ行いきました。I went to Japan in the autumn of Reiwa 1.
  • 令和れいわ二年にねんは西暦せいれき二千二十年にせんにじゅうねんです。Reiwa 2 is 2020 in the Gregorian calendar.
  • 令和れいわ五年ごねんに学校がっこうを卒業そつぎょうしました。I graduated from school in Reiwa 5.
  • この写真しゃしんは平成へいせい三十年さんじゅうねんのものです。This photograph is from Heisei 30.
  • 書類しょるいに何年なんねんと書かきますか。What year should I write on the form?

Read-aloud uses a synthetic Japanese voice available on your device. Voice quality and availability vary; it does not assess your pronunciation.

Watch out

2019 contains two era years: dates through 30 April are 平成三十一年, and dates from 1 May are 令和元年. Check the whole date, not only the year, at an era change.

Try it yourself

  1. Write the reading of 令和元年 in hiragana.

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    れいわがんねん

    令和元年 is れいわがんねん; 元年 names the first year of an era.

  2. What Gregorian year is Reiwa 2? Write the year and 年.

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    2020年 / 二千二十年

    令和二年 is 2020: 2018 plus 2 gives 2020.

  3. Which era year includes April 30, 2019? (平成へいせい三十一年さんじゅういちねん/令和れいわ元年がんねん)

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    平成三十一年 / 平成31年

    30 April 2019 was 平成三十一年; Reiwa began the next day.

Use it today

Read the era and Gregorian years on a form or calendar, then convert a date using the table.