Name suffixes express how a speaker relates to the person addressed; their use depends on context.

The idea

くん is often used for boys or juniors, though practices vary. ちゃん is an affectionate familiar form used for children or close people. 様 is very respectful and common for customers or in formal correspondence.

Patterns to compare
SuffixExample
くん山田やまだくん
ちゃん花はなちゃん
様さま田中様たなかさま

Examples

  • 山田やまだくん、本ほんを読よんでください。Yamada, please read the book.
  • 山田やまだくんは学生がくせいです。Yamada is a student.
  • 花はなちゃん、いっしょに遊あそぼう。Hana, let’s play together.
  • 花はなちゃんは五歳ごさいです。Hana is five years old.
  • 田中様たなかさま、お待またせしました。Tanaka, thank you for waiting.
  • 田中様たなかさまのご予約よやくですね。This is your reservation, Tanaka, correct?

Read-aloud uses a synthetic Japanese voice available on your device. Voice quality and availability vary; it does not assess your pronunciation.

Watch out

Do not assume a suffix from gender alone or use a familiar one without knowing the relationship. さん is a useful neutral choice when unsure; normally omit honorifics from your own name.

Try it yourself

  1. 先生せんせいが親したしい生徒せいとを「山田やまだ_」と呼よびます。(くん/様さま)

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    くん

    くん suits the familiar junior in this example; actual preferences vary.

  2. 親したしい子こどもを「花はな_」と呼よびます。(ちゃん/様さま)

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    ちゃん

    ちゃん is an affectionate form used for a familiar child.

  3. 店みせの人ひとが客きゃくを「田中たなか_」と丁寧ていねいに呼よびます。(様さま/ちゃん)

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    様

    様 is a respectful form for a customer in a service setting.

  4. 自分じぶんを紹介しょうかいします。(田中たなかです/田中様たなかさまです)

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    田中です

    Introduce yourself as 田中です, without adding 様 to your own name.

Use it today

Imagine a teacher speaking to a familiar pupil and a receptionist speaking to a customer. Choose the suffix in each case and explain why.