Sonkeigo shows respect for the person performing an action, such as a teacher or a customer.
The idea
For many verbs, add お to the ます-stem and になる: 読みます becomes お読みになる. Special verbs include いらっしゃる for coming, going or being and おっしゃる for saying. Add ます for a polite ending.
| Basic form | Respectful form |
|---|---|
| 読む | お読みになる |
| 行く・来る・いる | いらっしゃる |
| 言う | おっしゃる |
| 食べる・飲む | 召し上がる |
| 見る | ご覧になる |
Examples
- 先生はもう帰られました。The teacher has already left.
- 社長は新聞をお読みになります。The company president reads the newspaper.
- 先生は明日いらっしゃいます。The teacher will come tomorrow.
- 部長はそうおっしゃいました。The department head said so.
- 先生はお茶を召し上がります。The teacher drinks tea.
- 先生はこの映画をご覧になりましたか。Have you seen this film, Professor?
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Watch out
Do not use sonkeigo for your own actions. When speaking to a customer about your own manager, group relationships also affect the choice; humble language is generally used for your side. Avoid stacking respectful forms such as おっしゃられる.
Try it yourself
先生が本を(お読みになります/お読みします)。
Show answer or example answer
お読みになります
お読みになります describes the teacher’s reading respectfully; お読みします is humble language for the speaker’s action.
先生が来る → 先生が(いらっしゃいます/参ります)。
Show answer or example answer
いらっしゃいます
いらっしゃいます respectfully describes the teacher coming; 参ります is humble.
先生が言う → 先生が(おっしゃいます/申します)。
Show answer or example answer
おっしゃいます
おっしゃいます respectfully describes the teacher speaking; 申します is humble.
Practice round
Answer questions, then rebuild Japanese sentences where available. We keep your score.
先生が本を(お読みになります/お読みします)。
先生が来る → 先生が(いらっしゃいます/参ります)。
先生が言う → 先生が(おっしゃいます/申します)。
Tap the words in the right order.
Tap the words in the right order.
Tap the words in the right order.
Keep your progress
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Choose the respectful form for each teacher’s action and explain why the other form is unsuitable.

