Polite speech, or teineigo, helps maintain a respectful distance when addressing a customer, colleague or unfamiliar person.
The idea
Use です after nouns and na-adjectives, and a verb’s stem plus ます for polite non-past. Change ます to ません or ました for negative or past. With an i-adjective, add です to its already inflected form: 分かりやすかったです.
| Plain | Polite |
|---|---|
| 送る | 送ります |
| 送らない | 送りません |
| 送った | 送りました |
| 静かだ | 静かです |
| 分かりやすかった | 分かりやすかったです |
Examples
- こちらは会議室です。This is the meeting room.
- 明日、資料を送ります。I will send the documents tomorrow.
- 今日は担当者がいません。The person in charge is not here today.
- 昨日、駅で先生に会いました。I met my teacher at the station yesterday.
- この店は静かで、便利です。This shop is quiet and convenient.
- 先週の説明は分かりやすかったです。Last week’s explanation was easy to understand.
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No Japanese device voice is available. You can still read the text and use the linked listening resources.
Watch out
です and ます address the listener politely; they do not by themselves elevate the person described as honorific verbs do. Match the situation and relationship, and keep endings consistent across a polite exchange.
Try it yourself
明日、資料を送る → 送り_。
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ます
送る becomes 送ります: the stem 送り takes ます.
昨日、先生に会う → 会い_。
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ました
会う becomes 会いました: ました marks polite past.
担当者はいない → 担当者はい_。
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ません
いない becomes いません: ません marks polite negation.
説明は分かりやすかった → 分かりやすかった_。
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です
The adjective already carries past tense in 分かりやすかった; add です for politeness.
Practice round
Answer questions, then rebuild Japanese sentences where available. We keep your score.
明日、資料を送る → 送り_。
昨日、先生に会う → 会い_。
担当者はいない → 担当者はい_。
説明は分かりやすかった → 分かりやすかった_。
Tap the words in the right order.
Tap the words in the right order.
Tap the words in the right order.
Keep your progress
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Tell a colleague you will send documents tomorrow, then report a past meeting and an absence politely.

