Use 借りる to borrow something. These everyday examples show polite speech and the words and particles that accompany the verb.
The idea
借りる is an ichidan verb: remove final る and add ます or て to make 借ります and 借りて. 借りません is polite negative and 借りました is polite past; the non-past can describe a habit or the future. The item takes を; the lender takes に or から. 借りる is borrowing, while 貸す is lending.
| Dictionary form | Polite non-past | Polite negative | Polite past | て form |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 借りる | 借ります | 借りません | 借りました | 借りて |
Examples
- 図書館で本を借ります。I borrow books at the library.
- 今日は車を借りません。I will not borrow a car today.
- 昨日、友達に傘を借りました。Yesterday I borrowed an umbrella from a friend.
- この本を借りてもいいですか。May I borrow this book?
- 姉は友達からペンを借りています。My older sister has borrowed a pen from a friend.
- 明日、先生から辞書を借ります。Tomorrow I will borrow a dictionary from the teacher.
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Watch out
The dictionary form 借りる is plain speech. In polite conversation use 借ります; the て form is 借りて, not the dictionary form plus て.
Try it yourself
図書館で本を_。(借りる→ます)
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借ります
借ります is the polite non-past of 借りる; context tells whether it describes a habit or a future action.
_。(借りる→て)
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借りて
借りて is the て form of 借りる. It can join clauses or precede ください in a request.
友達_本を借ります。(に/を)
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に
に marks the lender; から can also mark the person from whom something is borrowed.
Practice round
Answer questions, then rebuild Japanese sentences where available. We keep your score.
図書館で本を_。(借りる→ます)
_。(借りる→て)
友達_本を借ります。(に/を)
Tap the words in the right order.
Tap the words in the right order.
Tap the words in the right order.
Keep your progress
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Make a new sentence with 借りる. Change it to the polite past and identify its particle, then compare it with the table.

