You will join two ideas with a reason or a result, and say who or what something is for.
The idea
Turkish has two linking words that face opposite ways. Çünkü (because) opens the reason and usually comes after the result: Kitapçı bugün kapalı çünkü pazar. Bu yüzden (so), also o yüzden, opens the result: Hava çok soğuk, bu yüzden montumu giyiyorum. After a noun, için means for: toplantı için. After a pronoun it needs the genitive: benim için, senin için, onun için, bizim için, sizin için, but onlar için.
| Pronoun | With için | Example |
|---|---|---|
| ben | benim için | Bu çay benim için. |
| sen | senin için | Bu kitap senin için. |
| o | onun için | Bu çanta onun için. |
| biz | bizim için | Bu oda bizim için. |
| siz | sizin için | Bu masa sizin için. |
| onlar | onlar için | Bu bilet onlar için. |
Examples
- Bunu senin için alıyorum.I am buying this for you.Senin is the genitive of sen, and için follows it as a separate word. The object bunu can move, but için stays right behind senin.
- Kitapçı bugün kapalı çünkü pazar.The bookshop is closed today because it is Sunday.Çünkü stands after the result and opens the reason. The reason is only pazar: with a noun, “it is” needs no ending in the third person.
- Hava çok soğuk, bu yüzden montumu giyiyorum.It is very cold, so I am putting on my coat.Bu yüzden opens the result. It can also move to the end of its clause, montumu giyiyorum bu yüzden, and still points back to the cold.
- Toplantı için erken kalkıyorum.I get up early for the meeting.
- Çocuk uyuyor, o yüzden sessiz konuşuyoruz.The child is asleep, so we are talking quietly.O yüzden means the same as bu yüzden and sounds a little more spoken.
- Benim için çay lütfen.Tea for me, please.
- Neden gelmiyorsun? Çünkü işim var.Why aren't you coming? Because I have things to do.A question with neden can be answered with çünkü alone. The answer is a full sentence: işim var, “I have things to do”.
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Watch out
English puts “because” at the front, but Turkish usually says the result first and the reason after çünkü. Swapping them reverses the logic: Hava çok soğuk çünkü montumu giyiyorum says that the cold exists because of the coat. And ben için is wrong; say benim için.
Try it yourself
Fill the gap with the right form of ben (I): This tea is for me.
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benim
benim: için needs the genitive of the pronoun, and the genitive of ben is benim.
Choose the linking words: It is raining, so I am opening my umbrella.
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bu yüzden / o yüzden
bu yüzden (or o yüzden): the second clause is the result of the rain, and these words open a result.
Choose the linking word: The child is not going to school because he or she has a fever.
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çünkü
çünkü: the clause ateşi var is the reason for staying at home, so it takes the reason word.
Fill the gap with the right form of onlar (they): This ticket is for them.
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onlar
onlar: this is the exception, because onlar does not change before için.
Practice round
Answer questions, then rebuild Turkish sentences and words where available. We keep your score.
Fill the gap with the right form of ben (I): This tea is for me.
Choose the linking words: It is raining, so I am opening my umbrella.
bu yüzden / o yüzden
Choose the linking word: The child is not going to school because he or she has a fever.
Fill the gap with the right form of onlar (they): This ticket is for them.
Tap the words in the right order.
Tap the words in the right order.
Tap the words in the right order.
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Write two sentences about your day, one with çünkü and one with bu yüzden, then two sentences with için, one of them with a pronoun.