You will describe a thing or place through someone’s action: which notebook, which road, which hotel? The whole description comes before the noun.
The idea
When the noun is the object or place of the action, use the verb stem with -dik for present or past, or -ecek for future, followed by a possessive ending that identifies the doer. These are suffix labels; their spelling follows harmony. Put an explicit subject in the genitive: benim aldığım defter means “the notebook I bought”. The pronoun can be omitted: aldığım defter. In kalacağımız otel, the ending means we will stay there. -dik is not automatically past: her gün kullandığımız yol is the road we use every day. No separate word for “that” or “where” is inserted.
| Independent sentence | Phrase identifying the noun |
|---|---|
| Ben defteri aldım. | benim aldığım defter |
| Sen resmi çizdin. | senin çizdiğin resim |
| Biz otelde kalacağız. | bizim kalacağımız otel |
Examples
- Aldığım defter masada.The notebook I bought is on the table.
- Senin seçtiğin renk güzel.The colour you chose is beautiful.
- Yarın okuyacağım kitap burada.The book I will read tomorrow is here.
- Annemin yaptığı çorba çok sıcak.The soup my mother made is very hot.
- Her gün kullandığımız yol bugün kapalı.The road we use every day is closed today.
- Kalacağımız otel denize yakın.The hotel where we will stay is close to the sea.
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Watch out
The ending agrees with the person doing the action, not with the noun being described. For “the notebook I bought”, benim aldığı defter is wrong: aldığı points to a third-person subject, while benim requires aldığım. Keep the whole description before defter.
Try it yourself
Ben bu defteri aldım. → Benim ___ defter burada. (almak)
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aldığım
aldığım: the speaker bought the notebook. The notebook does not buy anything, so the ending must identify the speaker; the suffix’s k becomes ğ before the vowel.
Sen bu resmi çizdin. → Senin ___ resim güzel. (çizmek)
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çizdiğin
çizdiğin: the drawing was made by you. Senin therefore needs the second-person ending on the participle, not a third-person ending referring to the picture.
Biz yarın bu otelde kalacağız. → Yarın ___ otel küçük. (kalmak)
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kalacağımız
kalacağımız: the stay is tomorrow, and we are the people staying there. The future participle and the first-person plural ending preserve both facts, even without bizim.
Annem her gün bu yolu kullanıyor. → Annemin her gün ___ yol uzun. (kullanmak)
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kullandığı
kullandığı: the road is used by my mother, a third-person singular subject. Her gün describes her current habit, so this -dik form need not mean a past event.
Practice round
Answer questions, then rebuild Turkish sentences and words where available. We keep your score.
Ben bu defteri aldım. → Benim ___ defter burada. (almak)
Sen bu resmi çizdin. → Senin ___ resim güzel. (çizmek)
Biz yarın bu otelde kalacağız. → Yarın ___ otel küçük. (kalmak)
Annem her gün bu yolu kullanıyor. → Annemin her gün ___ yol uzun. (kullanmak)
Tap the words in the right order.
Tap the words in the right order.
Tap the words in the right order.
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Describe something you bought, a road you use and a place you will stay. Circle each doer and underline the ending that identifies them. Complete the gaps below with one verb form.