Compare Ben de kahveyi beğendim (I too liked the coffee) with Ben kahveyi de beğendim (I liked the coffee too, as well as something else). The position tells you what is being added.
The idea
For “also”, put de/da after the word or phrase being added, including any endings: kahveyi de. Choose de after e, i, ö, ü and da after a, ı, o, u, using the last vowel of the preceding word. Always write it separately; it never becomes te/ta. A negative verb gives “not … either”: Ece de bu filmi izlemedi. Repeating it after two items includes both: Çayı da kahveyi de seviyorum. Between clauses it can introduce a reservation in conversation: Bu çanta güzel de çok küçük means the bag is nice, but very small. Context decides; not every de/da means “but”.
Examples
- Ben de kahveyi beğendim.I too liked the coffee.
- Ben kahveyi de beğendim.I liked the coffee too, as well as something else.
- Bu kitap da pahalı.This book is expensive too.
- Evde de çalışıyorum.I work at home too.
- Ece de bu filmi izlemedi.Ece did not watch this film either.
- Bu çanta güzel de çok küçük.This bag is nice, but very small.
- Seni aradım da telefonu açmadın.I called you, but you did not answer the phone.
- Çayı da kahveyi de seviyorum.I like both tea and coffee.
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Watch out
Moving the particle can change the comparison: ben de adds a person, kahveyi de adds a drink. Do not replace a case ending with it: evde de contains the ending for “at home” plus the separate particle for “too”. A proper name still takes a space, not an apostrophe: Ece de.
Try it yourself
Complete ___ çorbayı beğendim to say “I too liked the soup”. Write the pronoun and the particle.
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Ben de
Ben de: someone else liked the soup, and you join that group. Bende would mean “with me” or “in my possession”, which does not express this agreement.
Complete Bu ___ çok ağır: “This book is very heavy too.” Write kitap and the particle.
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kitap da
kitap da: this book joins other heavy things. The final a selects da; the final p does not turn the separate particle into ta or change to b.
Complete Evde ___ çalışıyorum with de or da: “I work at home too.”
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de
de: evde already gives the location. The extra word adds home to the places where you work, so both parts remain: Evde de çalışıyorum.
Choose de or da: Bu masa güzel ___ odam için çok büyük. The table is nice, but too big for my room.
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de
de: the table looks nice, yet its size is a drawback for your room. The following clause limits the positive judgement, so this is contrast rather than another item in a list.
Practice round
Answer questions, then rebuild Turkish sentences and words where available. We keep your score.
Complete ___ çorbayı beğendim to say “I too liked the soup”. Write the pronoun and the particle.
Complete Bu ___ çok ağır: “This book is very heavy too.” Write kitap and the particle.
Complete Evde ___ çalışıyorum with de or da: “I work at home too.”
Choose de or da: Bu masa güzel ___ odam için çok büyük. The table is nice, but too big for my room.
Tap the words in the right order.
Tap the words in the right order.
Tap the words in the right order.
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Write two sentences with the same verb: add a person in one and an object in the other. Then describe an object you like and add one drawback with de/da. Explain what each particle connects.