Read a short business report and say what changed, what the company did and whether it made a profit. The businesses and situations in these examples are fictional.
The idea
Learn the words with their usual partners: ithalat yapmak or ithal etmek for importing, ihracat yapmak or ihraç etmek for exporting, and kâr etmek or zarar etmek for the result. For change, distinguish talep arttı (demand rose) from şirket üretimi artırdı (the company increased production): artmak describes an increase; artırmak names the action that causes it.
| Term | Meaning in economics |
|---|---|
| ekonomi | economy |
| piyasa | market |
| arz | supply |
| talep | demand |
| üretim | production |
| tüketim | consumption |
| ithalat | imports; importing |
| ihracat | exports; exporting |
| yatırım | investment |
| maliyet | cost |
| fiyat | price |
| ciro | turnover; total sales |
| kâr | profit |
| zarar | loss |
| enflasyon | inflation |
| rekabet | competition |
Examples
- Bu sektörde talep arttı.Demand increased in this sector.
- Şirket bu yıl ihracatı artırdı.The company increased exports this year.
- Bu fabrikada üretim maliyeti düştü.Production costs fell at this factory.
- Ciro arttı ama şirket kâr etmedi.Turnover increased, but the company did not make a profit.
- Bu işletme kahve ithal ediyor, makine ihraç ediyor.This business imports coffee and exports machinery.
- Yeni yatırım üretim kapasitesini artıracak.The new investment will increase production capacity.
- Raporda enflasyon ile tüketim arasındaki ilişki tartışılıyor.The report discusses the relationship between inflation and consumption.
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Watch out
Do not read ciro as profit: it is total sales for a period, before deducting expenses. A company can increase its turnover and still make a loss. Also distinguish maliyet, the cost of producing or obtaining something, from fiyat, the price asked for it.
Try it yourself
Choose ciro or kâr: total sales before deducting expenses.
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ciro
ciro: the prompt asks for the sales total and explicitly leaves expenses undeducted, so it does not establish a profit.
Complete ___ yapmak: selling goods abroad. Choose ithalat or ihracat.
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ihracat
ihracat: the goods are sold out of the country. Bringing goods in would be ithalat; the completed expression is ihracat yapmak.
Income is lower than expenses. Complete İşletme ___ ediyor. Choose kâr or zarar.
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zarar
zarar: income does not cover expenses, so this business is making a loss. The complete sentence is İşletme zarar ediyor.
Choose arttı or artırdı: Şirket üretimini ___.
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artırdı
artırdı: the company acts on its production, expressed by the object üretimini. With arttı, the thing increasing would itself be the subject: Üretim arttı.
Practice round
Answer questions, then rebuild Turkish sentences and words where available. We keep your score.
Choose ciro or kâr: total sales before deducting expenses.
Complete ___ yapmak: selling goods abroad. Choose ithalat or ihracat.
Income is lower than expenses. Complete İşletme ___ ediyor. Choose kâr or zarar.
Choose arttı or artırdı: Şirket üretimini ___.
Tap the words in the right order.
Tap the words in the right order.
Tap the words in the right order.
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Write four sentences about a fictional business: what it imports or exports, a change in demand, an action affecting production, and its profit or loss. Use both artmak and artırmak.