You will name ten common animals and say which pets you have or do not have, using the my-ending with var and yok.
The idea
Turkish says "I have" in two pieces: the my-ending on the animal and var (or yok): Kedim var, Köpeğim yok. The ending is -m after a vowel (kedi → kedim, kuzu → kuzum) and -ım/-im/-um/-üm after a consonant, following the last vowel: kuşum, atım, koyunum, tavşanım. Words of two or more syllables that end in k turn it into ğ before this ending: köpek → köpeğim, balık → balığım, tavuk → tavuğum, inek → ineğim.
| Animal | With my-ending | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| kedi | kedim | cat |
| köpek | köpeğim | dog |
| kuş | kuşum | bird |
| balık | balığım | fish |
| tavuk | tavuğum | hen |
| inek | ineğim | cow |
| at | atım | horse |
| tavşan | tavşanım | rabbit |
Examples
- Evde bir köpeğim var.I have a dog at home.The k of köpek becomes ğ before the vowel of -im: köpeğim. The ending and var together mean "I have".
- Kuşum pencerede ötüyor.My bird is singing at the window.
- Çiftlikte beş inek var.There are five cows on the farm.After beş the animal stays singular: beş inek, not beş inekler. Only the ending of ownership brings ğ: ineğim.
- Kedin var mı?Do you have a cat?The ending -n means "your" after a vowel: kedin. The question word mı is written apart.
- Hayır, kedim yok ama balığım var.No, I don't have a cat, but I have a fish.
- Koyunlar çayırda otluyor.The sheep are grazing in the meadow.
- köpeklerimizour dogsköpekler-ler / -lar: the plural suffiximiz-imiz / -ımız / -umuz / -ümüz: ourBefore the l of -ler the k stays: köpekler, köpeklerimiz. The k turns into ğ only before a vowel.
- tavuklarımmy chickenstavuklar-ler / -lar: the plural suffixım-im / -ım / -um / -üm / -m: my
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Watch out
Learners write köpekim and balıkım, which look regular but are wrong: köpeğim, balığım. One-syllable words do not soften, so it is atım, not adım (which means "my name"). Do not look for a verb "to have" either: the sentence is the animal with its ending plus var.
Try it yourself
Add the my-ending to köpek (dog): my dog.
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köpeğim
köpeğim: köpek has two syllables and ends in k, and the ending starts with a vowel, so k becomes ğ; the last vowel e gives -im.
Add the my-ending to balık (fish): my fish.
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balığım
balığım: the same softening of k to ğ, and the last vowel ı gives -ım.
Add the my-ending to kedi (cat): my cat.
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kedim
kedim: kedi ends in a vowel, so the ending is just -m and nothing else changes.
Add the my-ending to at (horse): my horse.
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atım
atım: at has one syllable, so the t stays, and the back vowel a gives -ım.
Practice round
Answer questions, then rebuild Turkish sentences and words where available. We keep your score.
Add the my-ending to köpek (dog): my dog.
Add the my-ending to balık (fish): my fish.
Add the my-ending to kedi (cat): my cat.
Add the my-ending to at (horse): my horse.
Tap the words in the right order.
Tap the words in the right order.
Tap the words in the right order.
Tap the parts in order to build this word: our dogs
Tap the parts in order to build this word: my chickens
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Write four sentences about animals you have or do not have, with var or yok. For every animal ending in k, check whether the ending after it starts with a vowel.