Use 間に to locate an event within the time when another action or state lasts.
The idea
Attach 間に to a verb in the plain form, an い-adjective, a な-adjective plus な, or a noun plus の. The following event happens at some point within that interval; the interval sets its time frame.
| Form | Example |
|---|---|
| 動詞ている | 待っている間に |
| い形容詞 | 涼しい間に |
| な形容詞 | 静かな間に |
| 名詞 | 休みの間に |
Examples
- バスを待っている間に、本を読みました。I read a book while waiting for the bus.
- 寝ている間に、雨が降り始めました。It started raining while I was asleep.
- 夏休みの間に、京都へ行きました。I went to Kyoto during the summer vacation.
- 部屋が涼しい間に、窓を開けてください。Please open the window while the room is cool.
- 日本にいる間に、昔の友達に会いました。While I was in Japan, I met an old friend.
- 時間がある間に、電話をしてください。Please call me while you have time.
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Watch out
間に does not say that the event continues for the whole interval. Compare 待っている間に本を読んだ (read a book at some point while waiting) with 待っている間ずっと本を読んだ (read throughout the wait).
Try it yourself
休み__間に、旅行しました。
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の
の — A noun such as 休み takes の before 間に.
寝ている間__、電話がありました。
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に
に — The particle に marks the event as occurring within the interval.
「静か」→ 静か__間に、勉強します。
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な
な — The な-adjective 静か takes な before 間に.
Practice round
Answer questions, then rebuild Japanese sentences where available. We keep your score.
休み__間に、旅行しました。
寝ている間__、電話がありました。
「静か」→ 静か__間に、勉強します。
Tap the words in the right order.
Tap the words in the right order.
Tap the words in the right order.
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Describe something that happened while you were away, then contrast it with an activity that lasted throughout your absence.

