Add で to a verb’s plain ない-form to describe an action done without doing another: 読まないで帰ります.
The idea
Add で to a verb’s plain ない-form to describe an action done without doing another: 読まないで帰ります. Add ください for a polite request not to do something: 読まないでください.
| Starting form | Form or example |
|---|---|
| 読む | 読まないで |
| 食べる | 食べないで |
| する | しないで |
| 撮る | 撮らないでください |
Examples
- 水を飲まないで、出かけました。I went out without drinking water.
- 朝ご飯を食べないで、学校へ行きます。I go to school without eating breakfast.
- 傘を持たないで、出かけました。I went out without taking an umbrella.
- 本を読まないで、寝ました。I went to bed without reading a book.
- 宿題をしないで、遊びました。I played without doing my homework.
- ここで写真を撮らないでください。Please don’t take photos here.
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Watch out
Without ください, ないで can itself be a casual request. Do not confuse “without doing” with なくてもいい, which says an action is unnecessary.
Try it yourself
Complete the transformation using this lesson’s pattern: 「読む」→__
Show answer or example answer
読まないで
読む → 読まない → 読まないで — Add で to a verb’s plain ない-form to describe an action done without doing another: 読まないで帰ります. Add ください for a polite request not to do something: 読まないでください.
Complete the transformation using this lesson’s pattern: 「食べる」→__
Show answer or example answer
食べないで
食べる → 食べない → 食べないで — Add で to a verb’s plain ない-form to describe an action done without doing another: 読まないで帰ります. Add ください for a polite request not to do something: 読まないでください.
Complete the transformation using this lesson’s pattern: 「する」→__
Show answer or example answer
しないで
する → しない → しないで — Add で to a verb’s plain ない-form to describe an action done without doing another: 読まないで帰ります. Add ください for a polite request not to do something: 読まないでください.
Practice round
Answer questions, then rebuild Japanese sentences where available. We keep your score.
Complete the transformation using this lesson’s pattern: 「読む」→__
Complete the transformation using this lesson’s pattern: 「食べる」→__
Complete the transformation using this lesson’s pattern: 「する」→__
Tap the words in the right order.
Tap the words in the right order.
Tap the words in the right order.
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Cover the table, then make two sentences of your own and check both the form and meaning.

