Japanese し: listing reasons

The idea

Attach し to a plain predicate: 行くし, 安いし, 静かだし or 休みだし. Repeat it to list reasons, then state the result; the result may also be left understood. Polite forms such as ですし are possible.

Examples

• この店みせは安やすいし、おいしいし、よく行いきます。This restaurant is inexpensive and delicious, so I often go there.
• 駅えきに近ちかいし、部屋へやも静しずかだし、ここに住すみたいです。It is near the station and the room is quiet, so I want to live here.
• 明日あしたは休やすみだし、ゆっくり映画えいがを見みます。Tomorrow is a day off, and besides, I can take my time watching a film.
• 雨あめも降ふっているし、風かぜも強つよいし、出でかけません。It is raining and the wind is strong, so I will not go out.
• 時間じかんがないし、お金かねもないし、旅行りょこうはやめます。I have neither time nor money, so I will give up the trip.
• あの先生せんせいは親切しんせつだし、説明せつめいもわかりやすいです。That teacher is kind, and their explanations are easy to understand too.

Watch out

Do not drop だ from an affirmative noun or な-adjective in the plain form: 静かだし, not 静かし. Unlike a simple から reason, し often implies a non-exhaustive list.

Try it yourself

1. 「安やすい」→ ＿＿し

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   安い

   安い — An い-adjective keeps its final い before し.

2. 「静しずか」→ ＿＿し

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   静かだ

   静かだ — Add the plain copula だ to the な-adjective.

3. 「休やすみ」→ ＿＿し

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   休みだ

   休みだ — A plain affirmative noun predicate takes だ.

4. 「行いきません」→ ＿＿し

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   行かない

   行かない — Change the polite negative to the plain negative before し.

Use it today

Give two reasons for choosing a place, then give one reason with し and leave any other reasons unstated.