At B2, choosing a postposition means choosing both a relationship and a case. You will distinguish a viewpoint or comparison from a cause and from a result that goes against expectations.
The idea
Göre, rağmen and karşın take a dative complement; dolayı takes an ablative complement. The whole complement comes before the postposition. Bana göre gives my viewpoint, plana göre a basis, and eskisine göre a comparison. Yağmurdan dolayı presents rain as a cause; yağmura rağmen and yağmura karşın present it as an obstacle that does not prevent the result. With a clause, use a nominalised form carrying the required case: geç geldiğinden dolayı (because it arrived late), çok çalışmasına rağmen (although he or she worked hard). In the latter, -ma forms an action noun, -sı marks the third-person subject and -na supplies the dative after that ending.
| Postposition | Complement + postposition |
|---|---|
| göre | bana göre |
| dolayı | gürültüden dolayı |
| rağmen | gürültüye rağmen |
| karşın | uyarılara karşın |
Examples
- Bana göre bu raf sağlam.In my opinion, this shelf is sturdy.
- Ekip yağmurdan dolayı içeride çalışıyor.The team is working indoors because of the rain.
- Çocuklar gürültüye rağmen uyudu.The children slept despite the noise.
- Yeni masa eskisine göre daha hafif.The new table is lighter than the old one.
- Bütün uyarılara karşın kapı açık kaldı.Despite all the warnings, the door stayed open.
- Otobüs geç geldiğinden dolayı toplantıya yetişemedik.We could not make it to the meeting on time because the bus arrived late.
- Çok çalışmasına rağmen raporu bitiremedi.Despite working hard, they could not finish the report.
- Plana göre önce çatıyı onaracağız.According to the plan, we will repair the roof first.
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Watch out
Do not swap dolayı for rağmen while keeping the ending and the meaning. Gürültüden dolayı explains why something happened; gürültüye rağmen says it happened despite the noise. Also use bana göre, not benim göre: the genitive used with some other postpositions does not belong here.
Try it yourself
___ göre bu çözüm uygun. (ben) Complete with the correct form of the pronoun in brackets. Write only the missing word.
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bana
bana: the opinion belongs to the speaker, so the pronoun ben appears in its dative form. Benim would mark possession, not the complement required here.
___ dolayı pencereyi kapattık. (gürültü) Give the noise as the reason for closing the window. Write only the inflected noun.
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gürültüden
gürültüden: the noise is the reason we closed the window. The ablative form connects that cause to dolayı; gürültüye would fit a different postposition.
Yağmura ___ yürüyüşe devam ettik. Complete with a postposition meaning “despite”. Write only the missing word.
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rağmen / karşın
rağmen / karşın: we kept walking, although rain might have stopped us. Both express this frustrated expectation and fit the existing dative yağmura.
Çok ___ rağmen işi bitiremedi. (çalışmak; o) The person worked hard but could not finish. Use the verb in brackets to form the missing word; the subject is third-person singular.
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çalışmasına
çalışmasına: the person who worked hard is also the person who could not finish. The action noun includes third-person possession and the dative; a finite form such as çalıştı cannot stand directly before rağmen.
Practice round
Answer questions, then rebuild Turkish sentences and words where available. We keep your score.
___ göre bu çözüm uygun. (ben) Complete with the correct form of the pronoun in brackets. Write only the missing word.
___ dolayı pencereyi kapattık. (gürültü) Give the noise as the reason for closing the window. Write only the inflected noun.
Yağmura ___ yürüyüşe devam ettik. Complete with a postposition meaning “despite”. Write only the missing word.
Çok ___ rağmen işi bitiremedi. (çalışmak; o) The person worked hard but could not finish. Use the verb in brackets to form the missing word; the subject is third-person singular.
Tap the words in the right order.
Tap the words in the right order.
Tap the words in the right order.
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Write a pair of sentences about rain: in one it changes a plan, in the other it fails to stop the activity. Then compare two objects with göre. Underline each complete postpositional phrase.