-iyordu: was doing, used to do
Geliyordum, yapıyordum, bekliyorlardı: add -du to the present continuous to say what was going on, and see where the plural -lar goes.
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Suffix order: evlerimizden
Stem, plural, possessive, case: why it is evlerimizden and not evimlerden, and where the linking n in evinde comes from.
Read and practise-me / -ma: don't, the negative command
Gitme and gelmeyin mean don't: add -me or -ma to the verb stem, then -yin for several people or for politeness, and see why the stem itself never changes.
Read and practiseWith a pronoun: benimle, seninle, onunla
Benimle, seninle, onunla, bizimle: how -le/-la joins a personal pronoun through its genitive form, and why onlar is the one pronoun that stays plain.
Read and practise-se / -sa: the conditional suffix
An extra r matters: compare gelirse with gelsem, choose -se or -sa by the preceding vowel, and build Turkish conditions without changing git- to gid-.
Read and practiseConditional person endings: -m, -n, -k
Who would come? Compare gelsem, gelsen and gelsek, then build all six persons after -se/-sa, including plural or polite gelseniz.
Read and practise-ken / -yken: while, when
While dinner cooks or the soup is hot: attach Turkish -ken and -yken, keep their vowel unchanged, and build yaparken, evdeyken and öğrenciyken.
Read and practise-(y)ınca / -(y)ince: when, on doing
Okuyunca links reading to what happens next. Choose all four vowel forms of the Turkish “when” suffix, add y after a vowel, and spell gidince correctly.
Read and practise-ip / -ıp / -up / -üp: linked actions
Open the door, then wait: connect Turkish actions with -ip, choose all four vowel forms, add linking y and leave tense and person on the final verb.
Read and practiseBy doing: -arak / -erek
A smile, a run, a written word: build Turkish “by doing” forms with -arak/-erek, add the linking y where needed, and practise bekleyerek and giderek.
Read and practise-meden / -madan: without or before doing
A silent drawing session illustrates -meden/-madan: choose the vowel, keep the verb stem intact and add önce to make “before doing” explicit.
Read and practiseAfter doing: eight suffix forms
One action finishes before the next begins: choose the eight Turkish “after doing” forms, keep the final consonants, and write the following word separately.
Read and practise-mişti: pluperfect forms
An earlier past takes -mişti, -mıştı, -muştu or -müştü. Build affirmative, negative and question forms, then attach the right person ending.
Read and practise-irdi / -ardı: past habit endings
Giderdim recalls a former routine. Build the Turkish past aorist, keep -z in negatives, and separate the question particle in oynar mıydın.
Read and practise-ecekti / -acaktı: was going to
An earlier plan takes shape in gidecektim: build Turkish future-in-the-past forms, keep k before the past ending, and place the endings correctly in questions.
Read and practisePassive suffix: -ıl / -il / -ul / -ül
A bridge is built, a window is opened: choose the four Turkish passive suffix forms, attach them to the verb stem and add the past ending in the right order.
Read and practise-ın / -in / -un / -ün / -n: passive endings
From almak to alınmak: keep the final l, choose the passive vowel, and use just -n after a vowel. Build all five forms before adding tense.
Read and practise-dir / -dır: the causative suffix
A tailor, a joke, new shelves: build Turkish causatives with all eight forms of -dir, keep the stem intact, and add tense after the causative.
Read and practiseShort causative: making something happen
One consonant turns waiting into keeping someone waiting. Attach the short Turkish causative and keep both consonants when you add the past tense.
Read and practiseReflexive suffix: washing and dressing
Getting ready involves actions on yourself: choose the five Turkish reflexive suffix shapes, build complete verbs, and distinguish getting dressed from putting on a shirt.
Read and practiseReciprocal verb suffix
A meeting involves more than one person: choose the five Turkish reciprocal suffix forms, build familiar verbs, and avoid a misleading translation of love.
Read and practiseSubject participle: suffix forms
A waiting passenger or the people who came: build Turkish subject participles, choose the vowel, insert a linking consonant and attach plural and case endings.
Read and practiseObject participle: the forms of -dik
The magazine you read needs a verb before its noun in Turkish. Build object participles with all eight suffix shapes, softening and endings for the doer.
Read and practise-me / -ma: verbal nouns
Reading becomes a noun: attach Turkish -me or -ma, then add possession or case. Build okumayı and gelmen, and distinguish an activity from a negative command.
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