Identify a person, thing or place through an action: gördüğüm adam means “the man I see/saw”. Here you will choose the suffix shape and attach the ending that identifies who performs the action.
The idea
Build verb stem + participle + possessive ending, then the noun. The possessive ending identifies the doer, not the owner of the thing. Match the last vowel: a/ı → ı, e/i → i, o/u → u, ö/ü → ü. Start with t after ç f h k p s ş t, otherwise d. The table shows all eight base forms and their softened forms. Final k becomes ğ before a vowel: gör + düğ + üm. Compare gördüğüm (I), gördüğün (you), gördüğü (he/she), gördüğümüz (we), gördüğünüz (you, plural or polite), gördükleri (they). Before -leri/-ları, keep k. An explicit subject takes the genitive: senin seçtiğin renk. With onların, both açtıkları and açtığı are possible. The noun can also name a place: yaşadığımız sokak means “the street we live on”.
| Last vowel | Base suffix | Before a vowel | Example with I |
|---|---|---|---|
| a, ı | -dık | -dığ- | tanıdığım |
| e, i | -dik | -diğ- | bildiğim |
| o, u | -duk | -duğ- | okuduğum |
| ö, ü | -dük | -düğ- | gördüğüm |
| a, ı | -tık | -tığ- | yaptığım |
| e, i | -tik | -tiğ- | seçtiğim |
| o, u | -tuk | -tuğ- | unuttuğum |
| ö, ü | -tük | -tüğ- | ölçtüğüm |
Examples
- Ben okuduğun dergiyi arıyorum.I am looking for the magazine you are reading.
- Biz yaptığınız çorbayı beğendik.We liked the soup you made.
- Ben tanıdığım insanlara güveniyorum.I trust the people I know.
- gördüğümthat I seegördüğObject participle: the forms of -diküm-im / -ım / -um / -üm / -m: my
- seçtiğinthat you chooseseçtiğObject participle: the forms of -dikin-in / -ın / -un / -ün: your (evin, araban)
- okuduğumuzthat we readokuduğObject participle: the forms of -dikumuz-imiz / -ımız / -umuz / -ümüz: our
- açtıklarıthat they openaçtıkObject participle: the forms of -dikları-leri / -ları: their house, their car
- Senin seçtiğin renk çok güzel.The colour you chose is very beautiful.
- Onların açtıkları dükkân bugün kapalı.The shop they opened is closed today.
- Yaşadığımız sokak çok sessiz.The street we live on is very quiet.
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Watch out
Gördüm is a complete verb meaning “I saw”; it cannot replace gördüğüm before adam. Do not write gördüm adam for “the man I saw”. Nor does this participle always refer to the past: tanıdığım insanlar can mean “the people I know” now. Context supplies the time.
Try it yourself
Fill the gap: the man I see. Write the whole participle.
Show answer or example answer
gördüğüm
gördüğüm: seeing is done by me, so the final ending is -üm. The stem vowel ö selects ü, and the vowel of the ending changes the suffix’s k to ğ.
Fill the gap: the colour you choose. Write the whole participle.
Show answer or example answer
seçtiğin
seçtiğin: the final ç of seç- requires t, and e selects i. The ending -in identifies you as the chooser; the colour is what you choose.
Fill the gap: the magazine we read. Write the whole participle.
Show answer or example answer
okuduğumuz
okuduğumuz: oku- already ends in a vowel, but no linking y is needed before d. The final -umuz identifies us as the readers, and its initial vowel requires ğ.
Fill the gap: the shop they open. Either agreement form is accepted with onların.
Show answer or example answer
açtıkları / açtığı
açtıkları / açtığı: ç makes the suffix start with t. In açtıkları, k stays before -ları. In açtığı, it softens before -ı; the explicit onların still identifies several people as the doers.
Practice round
Answer questions, then rebuild Turkish sentences and words where available. We keep your score.
Fill the gap: the man I see. Write the whole participle.
Fill the gap: the colour you choose. Write the whole participle.
Fill the gap: the magazine we read. Write the whole participle.
Fill the gap: the shop they open. Either agreement form is accepted with onların.
Tap the words in the right order.
Tap the words in the right order.
Tap the words in the right order.
Tap the parts in order to build this word: that I see
Tap the parts in order to build this word: that you choose
Keep your progress
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Choose three verbs and describe a thing that I, we or they use, read or choose. Keep each participle beside its noun and circle the ending that identifies the doer.