The conditional ending sets up a possibility; the person ending tells you who is involved. Here you will read and build forms such as gelsem (if I were to come), without needing a separate subject pronoun.
The idea
After -se/-sa, use -m, -n, no ending, -k, -niz/-nız and -ler/-lar for ben, sen, o, biz, siz and onlar. The table’s ∅ means no added ending. The e or a in the conditional determines the following vowel: gelseniz, yapsanız. Siz also addresses one person politely. With an explicit plural human subject, the verb can lack -ler/-lar: both onlar katılsa and onlar katılsalar are possible. The short endings identify the subject even when its pronoun is omitted.
| Person | Person ending | With gel- | With yap- |
|---|---|---|---|
| ben | -m | gelsem | yapsam |
| sen | -n | gelsen | yapsan |
| o | ∅ | gelse | yapsa |
| biz | -k | gelsek | yapsak |
| siz | -niz / -nız | gelseniz | yapsanız |
| onlar | -ler / -lar | gelseler | yapsalar |
Examples
- Birlikte çalışsak işi bitirirdik.If we worked together, we would finish the job.
- Siz seçseniz biz hazırlardık.If you chose, we would prepare it.
- Onlar katılsa toplantı uzardı.If they joined, the meeting would last longer.
- gelsemif I were to comegelse-se / -sa: the conditional suffixmConditional person endings: -m, -n, -k
- gelsenif you were to come (singular)gelse-se / -sa: the conditional suffixnConditional person endings: -m, -n, -k
- okusakif we were to readokusa-se / -sa: the conditional suffixkConditional person endings: -m, -n, -k
- görsenizif you were to see (plural or polite)görse-se / -sa: the conditional suffixnizConditional person endings: -m, -n, -k
- yapsanızif you were to do it (plural or polite)yapsa-se / -sa: the conditional suffixnızConditional person endings: -m, -n, -k
- gelselerif they were to comegelse-se / -sa: the conditional suffixlerConditional person endings: -m, -n, -k
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Watch out
Do not carry the familiar -iz ending into the “we” conditional: gelsek, not gelseyiz. Nor does the ö of gör- give görsenüz: the intervening -se makes the last vowel e, so write görseniz.
Try it yourself
Write the whole word: if I were to come.
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gelsem
gelsem: the speaker is the person coming, so add only m to gelse. No extra vowel or y is needed.
Write the whole word: if you were to come; one familiar person.
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gelsen
gelsen: one familiar addressee is coming, so n is enough. Gelseniz would change the address to plural or polite.
Write the whole word: if we were to read.
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okusak
okusak: the readers include the speaker and others, which requires k. The stem’s u has already selected -sa; it does not add a vowel to k.
Write the whole word: if you were to see; plural or polite.
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görseniz
görseniz: siz requires the longer ending. Its vowel follows the immediately preceding e in -se, giving niz despite the stem’s ö.
Practice round
Answer questions, then rebuild Turkish sentences and words where available. We keep your score.
Write the whole word: if I were to come.
Write the whole word: if you were to come; one familiar person.
Write the whole word: if we were to read.
Write the whole word: if you were to see; plural or polite.
Tap the words in the right order.
Tap the words in the right order.
Tap the words in the right order.
Tap the parts in order to build this word: if I were to come
Tap the parts in order to build this word: if you were to come (singular)
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Conjugate gel- and yap- for all six persons using the table. Cover the pronouns and identify each person from its ending; then change the first sentence from “we” to “you” plural in both clauses.