You will turn a verb stem into a polite command and choose the right vowel and the right buffer.
The idea
The polite command is the verb stem plus -in, -ın, -un or -ün: gelin, bakın, oturun, görün. The vowel follows the last vowel of the stem (a ı give ı, e i give i, o u give u, ö ü give ü). After a stem that ends in a vowel the suffix gets a y: oku → okuyun, dinle → dinleyin. It is used for several people and for one person you address politely. The negative goes before it: gelmeyin.
| Last vowel of the stem | After a consonant | Example | After a vowel | Example |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| a, ı | -ın | bakın | -yın | başlayın |
| e, i | -in | gelin | -yin | dinleyin |
| o, u | -un | oturun | -yun | okuyun |
| ö, ü | -ün | görün | -yün | yürüyün |
Examples
- Buraya gelin lütfen.Please come here.
- Çocuklar, sessizce oturun.Children, sit down quietly.
- Eve erken gidin.Go home early.The final t of git becomes d before a vowel: gidin, not gitin.
- gelmeyindo not come (polite)gelme-me / -ma: don't, the negative commandyin-in / -ın / -un / -ün: polite command
- bakmayındo not look (polite)bakma-me / -ma: don't, the negative commandyın-in / -ın / -un / -ün: polite command
- okumayındo not read (polite)okuma-me / -ma: don't, the negative commandyın-in / -ın / -un / -ün: polite command
- Metni yüksek sesle okuyun.Read the text aloud.The stem oku ends in a vowel, so the suffix takes a y: okuyun, not okuun.
- Yemeği sıcak yiyin.Eat the meal while it is hot.Only yemek changes its stem: ye- becomes yi- before the y, so yiyin, not yeyin.
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Watch out
Do not drop the y, and remember that git softens to gid-: dinlein and gitin are wrong, dinleyin and gidin are right. The bare stem gel is only for one close friend. Note also that gelin as a noun means “bride”; the sentence shows which one is meant.
Try it yourself
Give the polite command from the stem bak (look).
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bakın
bakın: the last vowel a gives ı, and bak ends in a consonant, so there is no y.
Give the polite command from the stem oku (read).
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okuyun
okuyun: oku ends in the vowel u, so the suffix takes a y and the vowel u gives -yun.
Give the polite command from the stem git (go).
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gidin
gidin: the final t of git softens to d before a vowel, and the vowel i gives -in.
Give the polite command from the stem gör (see).
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görün
görün: the last vowel ö gives ü, and gör ends in r, so the ending is -ün.
Practice round
Answer questions, then rebuild Turkish sentences and words where available. We keep your score.
Give the polite command from the stem bak (look).
Give the polite command from the stem oku (read).
Give the polite command from the stem git (go).
Give the polite command from the stem gör (see).
Tap the words in the right order.
Tap the words in the right order.
Tap the words in the right order.
Tap the parts in order to build this word: do not come (polite)
Tap the parts in order to build this word: do not look (polite)
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Write three polite requests to guests in your home, such as where to sit or what to eat, and check every vowel and every y.