You will build the common forms of araba, the car, and see which small consonant appears between the word and its ending.
The idea
Since araba ends in a vowel, endings that begin with a vowel need a helper consonant: y in arabayı and arabaya, n in arabanın. The possessives shrink after a vowel: arabam, araban, arabası, arabamız. Endings that begin with a consonant attach directly: arabalar, arabada, arabadan. The vowel is always a back vowel (a or ı) and the stem never changes.
| Ending | With araba | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| -lar | arabalar | cars (plural) |
| -da | arabada | in the car |
| -dan | arabadan | from the car |
| -ya | arabaya | to the car |
| -yı | arabayı | the car (object) |
| -nın | arabanın | of the car |
| -m | arabam | my car |
| -n | araban | your car |
| -sı | arabası | his or her car |
| -mız | arabamız | our car |
| -nız | arabanız | your car (you all, or polite) |
| -ları | arabaları | their car |
Examples
- Annem arabayı kullanıyor.My mother is driving the car.Arabayı names one particular car; the y keeps the two vowels apart.
- Çocuklar arabaya biniyor.The children are getting into the car.
- Ali arabadan iniyor.Ali is getting out of the car.
- arabanın kapısıthe car’s doorBoth nouns carry a mark: arabanın (the owner, with n) and kapısı (the thing owned, with -sı).
- Annemin arabası mavi.My mother's car is blue.
- arabamdain my cararabam-im / -ım / -um / -üm / -m: myda-de / -da / -te / -ta: in, at, on
- arabalarımızdanfrom our carsarabalar-ler / -lar: the plural suffixımız-imiz / -ımız / -umuz / -ümüz: ourdan-den / -dan / -ten / -tan: from, out of
- arabasındain his or her cararabası-i / -si: his, her, itsnBuffer -n-: evinde, evinden, evineda-de / -da / -te / -ta: in, at, on
- arabayıthe car (object)arabayBuffer -y-: the y that joins vowelsı-i / -ı / -u / -ü: marking the definite object
- arabasınıhis or her car (object)arabası-i / -si: his, her, itsnBuffer -n-: evinde, evinden, evineı-i / -ı / -u / -ü: marking the definite objectCompare arabayı (the car) with arabasını (his or her car): after -sı the accusative needs n, not y.
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Watch out
-yı and -sı look alike but do different jobs. Onun arabayı hızlı is wrong for “his car is fast”: it needs arabası. And Arabası yıkıyorum is wrong for “I wash the car”: it needs arabayı. After -sı every case ending takes an n: arabasında, arabasını, never arabasıda.
Try it yourself
Put araba (car) in the right form: Dad is washing the car (a particular one).
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arabayı
arabayı: the car being washed is a particular one, so the object takes the accusative, and y separates the two vowels.
Put araba in the right form: The children are getting into the car.
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arabaya
arabaya: binmek (to get in) takes the dative, the last vowel is back so it is -a, and y is inserted after the vowel.
Put araba in the right form: This is my car.
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arabam
arabam: after a vowel the ending for “my” is only -m, with no vowel of its own.
Add his or her and the locative to araba: in his or her car.
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arabasında
arabasında: -sı means his or her, then n appears before the locative, and the voiced n with the back vowel ı gives -da.
Practice round
Answer questions, then rebuild Turkish sentences and words where available. We keep your score.
Put araba (car) in the right form: Dad is washing the car (a particular one).
Put araba in the right form: The children are getting into the car.
Put araba in the right form: This is my car.
Add his or her and the locative to araba: in his or her car.
Tap the words in the right order.
Tap the words in the right order.
Tap the words in the right order.
Tap the parts in order to build this word: in my car
Tap the parts in order to build this word: from our cars
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Write four sentences about a car you know: whose it is, where it is, where it is going, and what someone does with it. Circle each helper consonant.