çanta (bag): çantam, çantayı, çantasında
Çantam, çantan, çantası: see how a word ending in -a takes possessives without an extra vowel, and why the case ending comes after them (çantamda).
Read and practiseAdventure journal
Turkish nouns
Learn each noun with its plural, case and possessive forms, then use it in short sentences.
Adventure journal
Turkish nouns
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ayakkabı: shoes, my shoes, in the shoe
Two pairs, one noun: build ayakkabı with -lar, -yı, -ya, -da and -dan, and see why it stays singular after a number and why kk stays double.
Read and practisegömlek: shirt, gömleğim and gömlekte
Gömleğim or gömlekim? Choose the ending for a shirt you wear, iron or sew, and see why gömlek softens before vowels but stays in gömlekte and gömlekler.
Read and practiseyemek: meal, dish and akşam yemeği
Akşam yemeği or akşam yemek? See why dinner needs the -i of a compound, how yemek becomes yemeği, yemeğe and yemeğin, and why the plural stays yemekler.
Read and practisesüt (milk): sütü, süte, sütten
Sütte, not südde: milk keeps its hard t before every ending, while the vowel turns round in sütü, sütüm and sütümüzden. Every common form of süt in one table.
Read and practisepeynir: cheese and its endings
Peyniri or peynir? See how cheese takes its endings without changing, and when the object needs -i and when the bare word is right.
Read and practiseelma (apple): elma yedim, elmayı yedim
Elma yedim or elmayı yedim? See when the noun elma (apple) takes the accusative, why it stays singular after a number, and how elma suyu and elmalı are built.
Read and practisehava: weather, air and its endings
Bugün hava güzel: hava means both weather and air, with no word for “it”. See havada, havaya, havası, havalar and the phrase hava almak.
Read and practisezaman (time): zamanım, zamanda, zamanında
Saat kaç? is not zaman kaç. Build zamanım, zamanda and zamanında, and see why clock time is saat, counted times are kez, and zaman never softens.
Read and practiseiş (work): işe, işte, işten
Going to work, being at work, coming home from it: işe, işte, işten. See why iş takes -te and -ten after its voiceless ş, and what işte means when it starts a sentence.
Read and practiseyer (place): yerde, yerim, yerinde
Yerde means on the floor, yerinde means in its place: build every form of yer (place) and see why an n appears after the possessive -i.
Read and practisegün: day, günü, günde, günler
Cuma günü, not cuma günde: build the forms of gün (day) with plural, possessive and cases, and see why days of the week take the ending -ü.
Read and practisekomşu: neighbour, neighbours and whose neighbour
Komşuyu or komşusu? A single consonant separates the neighbour you wait for from someone’s neighbour. Build the cases, plural and possessive forms of komşu.
Read and practiseA guest in Turkish: cases and possession
Welcoming a guest starts with choosing the right ending: practise cases, plurals and possessives, including the difference between a guest and someone’s guest.
Read and practisemüşteri: a customer, the customer, your customer
Müşteriyi or müşterisi? Keep the final i of müşteri and choose the form for a customer you call, a customer’s bag, or customers who buy from you.
Read and practisePatron: boss, cases and possession
Whose boss is waiting? Use patron, patronu and patronunu in workplace sentences, with a table of case, plural and possessive forms.
Read and practiseişçi: worker, case forms and possession
İşçim or işçiyim? One means “my worker”, the other “I am a worker”. Follow işçi through its cases, plural and possessives with workplace examples.
Read and practisememur: civil servant, cases and possessives
Memura or posta memuruna? Work through the cases and possessives of memur, keep the stem intact, and build memurlarımız with the right vowel.
Read and practiseHasta: patient, cases and possession
Hastayı or hastası? Follow a patient through Turkish case and possessive forms, including hastasına, and distinguish “my patient” from “I am ill”.
Read and practiseLawyer: cases and possession in Turkish
A lawyer keeps the final consonant in Turkish: practise case forms, plurals and possession, and distinguish “my lawyer” from “I am a lawyer”.
Read and practiseMühendis: engineer, cases and possessive forms
Mühendiste has t, but mühendisi keeps s: follow the forms of “engineer”, from a drawing shown to one person to desks reserved for our engineers.
Read and practisepolis: police officer, cases and possession
One officer or several? Polis can name a person: practise polise, poliste and polisin, then connect the noun to a district with semtimizin polisi.
Read and practiseHospital in Turkish: cases, plurals and possession
A hospital on a map, a workplace or a destination: practise the Turkish noun’s case and possessive forms, including the ending in “children’s hospital”.
Read and practiseEczane: pharmacy cases and possession
Eczaneyi and eczanesi differ by one consonant but do different jobs. Practise pharmacy cases, plurals and possession, then build eczanesine.
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