You will say with whom you do something and by what means, using the four shapes -le, -la, -yle and -yla.
The idea
The suffix -le/-la says with whom or by what means: kalemle (with a pen), otobüsle (by bus), annemle (with my mother). After a consonant it is -le after the vowels e i ö ü and -la after a ı o u. After a vowel it gets a y: -yle, -yla, as in arabayla and Ali'yle. It is the short form of the separate word ile, which means the same: kalemle = kalem ile.
| Last vowel | After a consonant | Example | After a vowel | Example |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| e, i, ö, ü | -le | kalemle, gözle | -yle | kahveyle, ütüyle |
| a, ı, o, u | -la | kitapla, okulla | -yla | arabayla, kapıyla |
Examples
- Ben okula otobüsle gidiyorum.I go to school by bus.
- Çayı kaşıkla karıştırıyorum.I stir the tea with a spoon.
- Bugün seninle konuşuyorum.I am talking with you today.Pronouns take their own stem first: sen becomes senin, so seninle. Likewise benimle, onunla, bizimle, sizinle, onlarla.
- arkadaşlarımlawith my friendsarkadaşlar-ler / -lar: the plural suffixım-im / -ım / -um / -üm / -m: myla-le / -la: with, by means of
- çocuklarlawith the childrençocuklar-ler / -lar: the plural suffixla-le / -la: with, by means of
- annemlewith my motherannem-im / -ım / -um / -üm / -m: myle-le / -la: with, by means of
- arabaylaby cararabayla-le / -la: with, by means ofaraba ends in a vowel, so a y separates it from the suffix: arabayla. Arabala is wrong.
- Ali'ylewith AliAli'yle-le / -la: with, by means of
- kitaplawith the bookThe suffix keeps its l after p: kitapla means 'with the book'. Do not confuse it with kitapta, 'in the book'.
- Kalem ile yazıyorum.I write with a pen.The separate word ile means the same as the suffix: kalem ile = kalemle. Written together after a vowel it is -yla/-yle: araba ile = arabayla.
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Watch out
Do not drop the y after a vowel: arabayla, not arabala. And unlike the locative, the l never turns into t: kitapla means 'with the book', while kitapta means 'in the book'.
Try it yourself
Add -le/-la to kalem (pen): with a pen.
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kalemle
kalemle: the word ends in the consonant m and the last vowel e is front, so the suffix is -le.
Add the suffix to araba (car): by car.
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arabayla
arabayla: araba ends in a vowel, so a y comes first, and the back vowel a gives -yla.
Add the suffix to kitap (book): with the book.
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kitapla
kitapla: the last vowel a is back, so -la, and unlike the locative the l does not turn into t after p.
Add the suffix to sen (you): with you.
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seninle
seninle: sen first takes its genitive form senin and then -le; the standard form is seninle, not senle.
Practice round
Answer questions, then rebuild Turkish sentences and words where available. We keep your score.
Add -le/-la to kalem (pen): with a pen.
Add the suffix to araba (car): by car.
Add the suffix to kitap (book): with the book.
Add the suffix to sen (you): with you.
Tap the words in the right order.
Tap the words in the right order.
Tap the words in the right order.
Tap the parts in order to build this word: with my friends
Tap the parts in order to build this word: with the children
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Write three sentences about how you travel and who you do things with, for example Arkadaşımla yürüyorum, and check the last sound of each word.