You will build the forms of öğretmen, see why every ending after it has a front vowel, and tell apart the two jobs of -im.
The idea
öğretmen ends in n, a voiced consonant that never softens, so endings attach directly. Only the last vowel decides the harmony, not the ö at the start: the last vowel e is front and unrounded, so you get öğretmenler, öğretmenim, öğretmene, öğretmende and öğretmenden, always with e or i and a d after the n.
| Word | Ending | Form |
|---|---|---|
| öğretmen | -ler | öğretmenler |
| öğretmen | -im | öğretmenim |
| öğretmen | -imiz | öğretmenimiz |
| öğretmen | -in | öğretmenin |
| öğretmen | -i | öğretmeni |
| öğretmen | -e | öğretmene |
| öğretmen | -de | öğretmende |
| öğretmen | -den | öğretmenden |
| öğretmen | -i + -n + -e | öğretmenine |
Examples
- Öğretmen sınıfa giriyor.The teacher is entering the classroom.
- Kitabı öğretmene veriyorum.I am giving the book to the teacher.
- Yeni öğretmen bize ödev veriyor.The new teacher is giving us homework.
- Öğretmenler toplantıda.The teachers are in a meeting.
- Ben öğretmenim.I am a teacher.Here -im means “I am”. The same ending means “my” in the next sentence. The pronoun ben may be dropped: Öğretmenim.
- Öğretmenim bana yardım ediyor.My teacher is helping me.Here -im means “my”. Word order and context decide between “my teacher” and “I am a teacher”.
- Öğretmenin kalemi masada.The teacher's pen is on the table.Here -in means “of the teacher”. In Öğretmenin nerede? the same ending means “your teacher”: “Where is your teacher?”
- öğretmenlerimizdenfrom our teachersöğretmenler-ler / -lar: the plural suffiximiz-imiz / -ımız / -umuz / -ümüz: ourden-den / -dan / -ten / -tan: from, out of
- öğretmenineto his or her teacheröğretmeni-i / -si: his, her, itsnBuffer -n-: evinde, evinden, evinee-e / -a / -ye / -ya: to, towards
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Watch out
The ending -im has two jobs: Öğretmenim bana yardım ediyor is “My teacher is helping me”, but Ben öğretmenim is “I am a teacher”. In the same way -in is “of the teacher” in öğretmenin kalemi and “your teacher” in Öğretmenin nerede?. Word order and context tell you which.
Try it yourself
Make the plural of öğretmen (teacher).
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öğretmenler
öğretmenler: the last vowel e is front, so the plural is -ler, not -lar.
Add the ending: I ask the teacher the question.
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öğretmene
öğretmene: öğretmen ends in a consonant, so the dative needs no buffer y, and the front vowel gives -e.
Add the ending to öğretmen: I am a teacher.
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öğretmenim
öğretmenim: after a consonant the full ending -im is used, and here it says “I am”, so Ben öğretmenim means “I am a teacher”.
Add the endings: I give the present to his or her teacher.
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öğretmenine
öğretmenine: the possessive -i is followed by the buffer n, then the dative -e, so it means “to his or her teacher”.
Practice round
Answer questions, then rebuild Turkish sentences and words where available. We keep your score.
Make the plural of öğretmen (teacher).
Add the ending: I ask the teacher the question.
Add the ending to öğretmen: I am a teacher.
Add the endings: I give the present to his or her teacher.
Tap the words in the right order.
Tap the words in the right order.
Tap the words in the right order.
Tap the parts in order to build this word: from our teachers
Tap the parts in order to build this word: to his or her teacher
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Write three sentences about a teacher you know: one with öğretmenim meaning “my teacher”, one with öğretmene and one with öğretmenden. Say which question each form answers.