You will conjugate koşmak in the present, past and future and say both where you run and where you run to.
The idea
The stem of koşmak is koş- and it never changes: koşuyorum, koştum, koşacağım, koşmuyor. The present ending follows the rounded back vowel o and becomes -uyor. The past ending starts with t after the voiceless ş: koş-tu-m, not koşdum. A place where you run takes -de/-da (parkta koşuyorum); a place you run towards takes -e/-a (kapıya koştu).
| Person | Present | Past | Future |
|---|---|---|---|
| ben | koşuyorum | koştum | koşacağım |
| sen | koşuyorsun | koştun | koşacaksın |
| o | koşuyor | koştu | koşacak |
| biz | koşuyoruz | koştuk | koşacağız |
| siz | koşuyorsunuz | koştunuz | koşacaksınız |
| onlar | koşuyorlar | koştular | koşacaklar |
Examples
- Annem her sabah sahilde koşuyor.My mother runs by the sea every morning.The place where you run takes the locative: sahil becomes sahilde. The stem koş- stays the same, and after the vowel o the present ending is -uyor: koşuyor.
- Çocuklar dün bahçede koştu.The children ran in the garden yesterday.The past ending begins with t after the voiceless ş: koş + tu gives koştu, never koşdu. A plural subject such as çocuklar often takes the singular verb; koştular is also possible.
- Biz yarın parkta koşacağız.We will run in the park tomorrow.Only the suffix softens here: the k of -acak becomes ğ before the vowel of -ız, so koşacağız. The ş of the stem stays.
- Otobüse yetişmek için koştuk.We ran to catch the bus.Reaching or catching something takes the dative: otobüse. After a verb in -mek, the word için means 'in order to'. The past koştuk is koş + tu + k.
- Çocuk kapıya koştu.The child ran to the door.A place you run towards takes the dative, with a buffer y after a vowel: kapı becomes kapıya. Compare parkta koşuyorum (in the park) and parka koşuyorum (towards the park).
- Bugün koşmuyorum, çünkü yağmur yağıyor.I am not running today because it is raining.The negative -ma goes right after the stem and narrows to -mu- before -yor: koşmuyorum. The word çünkü introduces the reason.
- koşmuyoruzwe are not runningkoşmuyor-miyor / -mıyor / -muyor / -müyor: not doing nowuz-im / -sin / -iz / -siniz: I am, you are, we are
- koştularthey rankoştu-di, -dı, -du, -dü, -ti: the past (geldi, yaptı)larPast person endings: -m, -n, -k, -niz, -ler
- koşacağızwe will runkoşacağ-ecek / -acak: will, going toız-im / -sin / -iz / -siniz: I am, you are, we are
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Watch out
Do not treat koşmak like gitmek: its last consonant is voiceless and never softens, so the ş stays in koşuyorum and koşacağım, and the past is koştum, not koşdum. Another slip is koşıyorum with an unrounded vowel; after o the vowel is u.
Try it yourself
Complete with the present tense: I run in the park every day.
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koşuyorum
koşuyorum: the last vowel of koş- is o, so the present ending is -uyor, not -ıyor, and the stem stays as it is.
Complete with the past tense: yesterday we ran by the sea.
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koştuk
koştuk: ş is voiceless, so the past ending starts with t; the vowel after o is u, and -k means 'we'.
Complete with the future tense: tomorrow morning I will run.
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koşacağım
koşacağım: the vowel o is a back vowel, so the future is -acak; its k softens to ğ before the vowel of -ım, while the stem koş- stays.
Complete with the negative present: my father is not running today.
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koşmuyor
koşmuyor: the negative -ma narrows to -mu- before -yor, and 'he or she' needs no extra person ending.
Practice round
Answer questions, then rebuild Turkish sentences and words where available. We keep your score.
Complete with the present tense: I run in the park every day.
Complete with the past tense: yesterday we ran by the sea.
Complete with the future tense: tomorrow morning I will run.
Complete with the negative present: my father is not running today.
Tap the words in the right order.
Tap the words in the right order.
Tap the words in the right order.
Tap the parts in order to build this word: we are not running
Tap the parts in order to build this word: they ran
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Write three sentences about where you, a friend and your family run, one each in the present, past and future. Check the vowel of the ending and whether the past starts with t.