Japanese ときに vs たら: expressing timing
Learn how Japanese ときに sets a time frame and たら connects an event to what happens afterward.
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Japanese grammar
Understand particles, sentence patterns and verb forms through examples you can use.
Adventure journal
Japanese grammar
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Japanese に足る: worthy of an action
Learn N1 に足る to judge whether a person, claim or work merits trust, attention or consideration.
Read and practiseJapanese に堪えない: unable to bear
Learn N1 に堪えない for unbearable sights and sounds and for formal expressions of profound gratitude or sorrow.
Read and practiseJapanese と言わんばかり: as if saying
Learn how と言わんばかり conveys an implied message through a gesture, expression or scene, with N1 examples and practice.
Read and practiseJapanese にひきかえ: striking contrast
Learn how N1 にひきかえ contrasts people, situations and periods, and practise connecting nouns and clauses naturally.
Read and practiseというものではない: not necessarily
Learn how というものではない challenges a general assumption in Japanese, while leaving room for exceptions.
Read and practiseJapanese に至る: reaching an outcome
Learn how に至る describes reaching an outcome or stage after a process, and practise its formal patterns.
Read and practiseJapanese にほかならない: nothing other than
Learn how N1 にほかならない identifies a cause or character with conviction, and practise its formal patterns.
Read and practiseJapanese と相まって: factors acting together
Learn how と相まって links two contributing factors to a shared result in formal Japanese, with examples and practice.
Read and practiseJapanese と言える: drawing qualified conclusions
Use と言える to draw a reasoned Japanese conclusion, state its limits and distinguish it from an absolute claim.
Read and practiseJapanese を禁じ得ない: unable to suppress a feeling
Learn the formal N1 pattern を禁じ得ない to express feelings you cannot suppress, with examples and practice.
Read and practiseJapanese にかかわらず: regardless of
Learn how にかかわらず expresses an outcome that stays the same regardless of a condition or whether something happens.
Read and practiseJapanese に限り: limited to a specified case
Learn how formal Japanese に限り restricts an offer or rule to particular people, dates or circumstances.
Read and practiseJapanese をめぐって: disputes and debate
Learn N2 をめぐって and をめぐる to describe disputes, negotiations and discussions centered on an issue in Japanese.
Read and practiseJapanese に基づいて: based on evidence
Learn how に基づいて links an action to its basis, and use に基づき and に基づく in formal Japanese.
Read and practiseJapanese を通じて: throughout and through a medium
Learn how Japanese を通じて expresses an entire period or a channel, intermediary or experience, with examples and practice.
Read and practiseJapanese に沿って: following a plan or route
Learn how に沿って expresses action in accordance with a plan, wishes or guidelines, and movement along a route.
Read and practiseJapanese に応えて: responding to requests and expectations
Learn how に応えて links a request, question or expectation to a deliberate response, and how its form modifies a noun.
Read and practiseJapanese からといって: not merely because
Learn N2 からといって to challenge a conclusion drawn from one reason, with natural examples and practice.
Read and practiseJapanese 上で: after doing and in the course of
Learn N2 上で for a considered step after an action and for points important in carrying out an activity.
Read and practiseJapanese 限りでは: as far as the evidence goes
Learn how Japanese 限りでは limits a statement to what you know, heard, saw or checked, with examples and practice.
Read and practiseJapanese ものの: although a fact is true
Learn N2 ものの to acknowledge a fact while presenting a contrasting outcome, with forms, examples and practice.
Read and practiseJapanese にしても: even if and whether
Learn N2 にしても to concede a possibility or compare alternatives, with examples and practice in Japanese.
Read and practiseJapanese としても: even assuming that
Learn N2 としても to consider a hypothetical situation and explain what remains true even if it occurs.
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