müşteri: a customer, the customer, your customer
Müşteriyi or müşterisi? Keep the final i of müşteri and choose the form for a customer you call, a customer’s bag, or customers who buy from you.
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Patron: boss, cases and possession
Whose boss is waiting? Use patron, patronu and patronunu in workplace sentences, with a table of case, plural and possessive forms.
Read and practiseişçi: worker, case forms and possession
İşçim or işçiyim? One means “my worker”, the other “I am a worker”. Follow işçi through its cases, plural and possessives with workplace examples.
Read and practisememur: civil servant, cases and possessives
Memura or posta memuruna? Work through the cases and possessives of memur, keep the stem intact, and build memurlarımız with the right vowel.
Read and practiseHasta: patient, cases and possession
Hastayı or hastası? Follow a patient through Turkish case and possessive forms, including hastasına, and distinguish “my patient” from “I am ill”.
Read and practiseLawyer: cases and possession in Turkish
A lawyer keeps the final consonant in Turkish: practise case forms, plurals and possession, and distinguish “my lawyer” from “I am a lawyer”.
Read and practiseMühendis: engineer, cases and possessive forms
Mühendiste has t, but mühendisi keeps s: follow the forms of “engineer”, from a drawing shown to one person to desks reserved for our engineers.
Read and practisepolis: police officer, cases and possession
One officer or several? Polis can name a person: practise polise, poliste and polisin, then connect the noun to a district with semtimizin polisi.
Read and practiseHospital in Turkish: cases, plurals and possession
A hospital on a map, a workplace or a destination: practise the Turkish noun’s case and possessive forms, including the ending in “children’s hospital”.
Read and practiseEczane: pharmacy cases and possession
Eczaneyi and eczanesi differ by one consonant but do different jobs. Practise pharmacy cases, plurals and possession, then build eczanesine.
Read and practiseBanka: bank, its cases and possessive forms
Bankaya, bankayı or bankası? Keep the final a in banka, distinguish a destination from a specific object, and say whose bank you mean.
Read and practisePostane: post office, cases and possession
At the neighbourhood post office: build postane’s case, plural and possessive forms, and distinguish postanede from mahallemizin postanesinde.
Read and practiseBelediye: municipality, cases and possessive forms
The y in belediye belongs to the stem: keep it when forming belediyeye and belediyeyi. Practise municipality forms, plurals and “our municipality’s”.
Read and practiseMüze: museum forms and art-museum compounds
A museum visit starts with müzeye; an art museum needs sanat müzesine. Build case, plural and possessive forms without losing the compound ending.
Read and practiseKütüphane: library, cases and possession
A library you like or someone’s library? Distinguish the object and possessive forms of kütüphane, then practise its cases, plural and school-library phrases.
Read and practiseAirport in Turkish: the forms of havaalanı
Airport endings hide a compound: compare havaalanına, havaalanında and havaalanları, then say “our airport” without adding an extra vowel.
Read and practiseistasyon: station forms and the metro compound
Station entrances, routes and meeting points bring Turkish noun forms into focus: practise cases, possession and plurals, then keep the ending in “metro station”.
Read and practiseHotel: Turkish cases and possessive forms
A hotel stay gives each ending a job: name your destination, collect luggage from a hotel, and distinguish a hotel from his or her hotel.
Read and practiseRestoran: restaurant, cases and possession
A restaurant changes its ending with its role: compare restorana, restoranı and onun restoranında, then practise cases, plurals and ownership.
Read and practisepazar: market forms and the Sunday trap
A market visit or a Sunday plan? Build the cases, plural and possessive forms of pazar, and use context to keep its two everyday meanings apart.
Read and practiseMağaza: shop, ownership and clothing shops
A shop of your own or a clothing shop? Build mağaza case and possessive forms, and see why giyim mağazası becomes giyim mağazasına.
Read and practiseFırın: bakery, oven and noun forms
Bakery or oven? Fırın keeps both dotless vowels in fırını and fırınım. Practise its cases, plural and possessive forms with shopping and kitchen examples.
Read and practiseGarden: Turkish cases, plural and possession
A garden gate, a patch of mint, a neighbour’s pond: practise Turkish garden forms and distinguish a specific garden from someone’s garden.
Read and practisebalkon: balcony cases and possessives
Balcony breakfasts give balkon a setting: practise balkona, balkonda and balkondan, then distinguish cleaning a balcony from decorating someone’s balcony.
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